Phenolic and Nonpolar Fractions of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Extracts as Virulence Modulators-In Vitro Study on Bacteria, Fungi, and Epithelial Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 7; p. 1498
• Main Authors: Różalska, Barbara, Sadowska, Beata, Żuchowski, Jerzy, Więckowska-Szakiel, Marzena, Budzyńska, Aleksandra, Wójcik, Urszula, Stochmal, Anna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.06.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Adhesion; Adhesion tests; Aerosols; Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; antivirulence properties; Bacteria; Biocides; Biocompatibility; Biofilms; Biology; Butanol; Caco-2 Cells; Candida - drug effects; Candida - growth & development; Candida - pathogenicity; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemical composition; Collagen; Conditioning; Cytotoxicity; Dietary supplements; Elaeagnaceae - chemistry; Elaeagnus rhamnoides; Elaeagnus rhamnoides butanol extracts; Environmental protection; Epithelial cells; Fibrinogen; Fibroblasts - cytology; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fluorescein; Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Formulations; Fruit - chemistry; Fruits; Fungi; Fungicides; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects; Gram-Negative Bacteria - growth & development; Gram-Negative Bacteria - pathogenicity; Gram-Positive Bacteria - drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria - growth & development; Gram-Positive Bacteria - pathogenicity; Humans; Immunology; In vivo methods and tests; Liquid-Liquid Extraction - methods; Medical practices; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Morphogenesis; nonpolar fractions; Organic chemistry; Pathogens; phenolic; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phenols - chemistry; Phenols - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plant Stems - chemistry; Saliva; Saponins - chemistry; Saponins - isolation & purification; Soil sciences; Staphylococcus aureus; Stem cells; Triterpenes - chemistry; Triterpenes - isolation & purification; Virulence; Virulence - drug effects; nonpolar fractions; antivirulence properties; Elaeagnus rhamnoides butanol extracts; phenolic
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071498

Butanol extracts from leaves, twigs, and fruits of (L.) A. Nelson (sea buckthorn, SBT) were fractionated into phenolic and nonpolar lipid components, the chemical composition of which was analyzed. Assuming that an effect on natural microbiota and host epithelial cells needs to be assessed, regardless of the purpose of using SBT formulations in vivo, the minimal inhibitory/biocidal/fungicidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs/MFCs) of the fractions and reference phytocompounds were screened, involving 17 species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and species. The MICs of SBT extracts were in the range of 0.25⁻2.0 mg∙mL . Since direct antimicrobial activity of the extracts was quite low and variable, the impact of subMIC on the important in vivo persistence properties of model microorganisms and C. was evaluated. Tests for adhesion and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface and on surfaces conditioned with fibrinogen, collagen, plasma, or artificial saliva showed the inhibitory activity of the fractions. The effects on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled staphylococci adhesion to fibroblasts (HFF-1) and epithelial cells (Caco-2), and on fungal morphogenesis, indicated that SBT extracts have high antivirulence potential. Cytotoxicity tests (MTT reduction) on the standard fibroblast cell line showed variable biological safety of the fractions depending on their composition and concentration. The new information afforded by this study, additional to that already known, is of potential practical value in the application of SBT-derived preparations as antivirulence agents.