Enteric Nervous System: The Bridge Between the Gut Microbiota and Neurological Disorders

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an essential role in food digestion, absorption, and the mucosal immune system; it is also inhabited by a huge range of microbes. The GI tract is densely innervated by a network of 200–600 million neurons that comprise the enteric nervous system (ENS). This syst...

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Published inFrontiers in aging neuroscience Vol. 14; p. 810483
Main Authors Geng, Zi-Han, Zhu, Yan, Li, Quan-Lin, Zhao, Chao, Zhou, Ping-Hong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 19.04.2022
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Aging
Bacteria
Central nervous system
Digestive system
Endocrine system
Enteric nervous system
Fatty acids
gastrointestinal microbiota
Gastrointestinal tract
Gram-positive bacteria
Gut microbiota
Gut-brain axis
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Metabolites
Microbiota
microbiota-gut-brain axis
Microenvironments
Motility
Mucosal immunity
Nervous system
Neurological diseases
Neurological disorders
Neuroscience
Older people
Signal transduction
Small intestine
Stem cells
gastrointestinal microbiota
microbiota-gut-brain axis
enteric nervous system
neurological disorders
central nervous system
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1663-4365
1663-4365
DOI10.3389/fnagi.2022.810483

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Summary:The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an essential role in food digestion, absorption, and the mucosal immune system; it is also inhabited by a huge range of microbes. The GI tract is densely innervated by a network of 200–600 million neurons that comprise the enteric nervous system (ENS). This system cooperates with intestinal microbes, the intestinal immune system, and endocrine systems; it forms a complex network that is required to maintain a stable intestinal microenvironment. Understanding how gut microbes influence the ENS and central nervous system (CNS) has been a significant research subject over the past decade. Moreover, accumulating evidence from animal and clinical studies has revealed that gut microbiota play important roles in various neurological diseases. However, the causal relationship between microbial changes and neurological disorders currently remains unproven. This review aims to summarize the possible contributions of GI microbiota to the ENS and CNS. It also provides new insights into furthering our current understanding of neurological disorders.
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Edited by: George Tetz, Human Microbiology Institute, United States
This article was submitted to Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Brain-aging, a section of the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Reviewed by: Steven Rauchman, North Valley Eye Medical Group, United States; Alcmene Chalazonitis, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States
These authors share first authorship
ISSN:1663-4365
1663-4365
DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.810483