Structural Bases for Hesperetin Derivatives: Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, Kinetics Mechanism and Molecular Docking Study

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 24; p. 7433
• Main Authors: Ali, Md Yousof, Jannat, Susoma, Jung, Hyun-Ah, Choi, Jae-Sue
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.12.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Allosteric properties; Amino acids; Antioxidants; Binding sites; Cancer; Carbon; Citrus fruits; Conjugation; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme kinetics; Flavonoids; Glucose; Glucosides; Glycosidases; Glycosylation; hesperetin 5-O-glucoside; hesperetin derivatives; Hesperidin; Hesperidin - analogs & derivatives; Hesperidin - chemistry; Humans; Hydrogen bonds; Insulin resistance; Ligands; Metabolism; Metabolites; Molecular docking; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phosphatase; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 - antagonists & inhibitors; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 - chemistry; Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase; Proteins; PTP1B; Signal transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tyrosine; Ursolic acid; hesperetin derivatives; PTP1B; molecular docking; structure-activity relationship; hesperetin 5-O-glucoside
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247433

In the present study, we investigated the structure-activity relationship of naturally occurring hesperetin derivatives, as well as the effects of their glycosylation on the inhibition of diabetes-related enzyme systems, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glycosidase. Among the tested hesperetin derivatives, hesperetin 5- -glucoside, a single-glucose-containing flavanone glycoside, significantly inhibited PTP1B with an IC value of 37.14 ± 0.07 µM. Hesperetin, which lacks a sugar molecule, was the weakest inhibitor compared to the reference compound, ursolic acid (IC = 9.65 ± 0.01 µM). The most active flavanone hesperetin 5- -glucoside suggested that the position of a sugar moiety at the C-5-position influences the PTP1B inhibition. It was observed that the ability to inhibit PTP1B is dependent on the nature, position, and number of sugar moieties in the flavonoid structure, as well as conjugation. In the kinetic study of PTP1B enzyme inhibition, hesperetin 5- -glucoside led to mixed-type inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed that hesperetin 5- -glucoside had a higher binding affinity with key amino residues, suggesting that this molecule best fits the PTP1B allosteric site cavity. The data reported here support hesperetin 5- -glucoside as a hit for the design of more potent and selective inhibitors against PTP1B in the search for a new anti-diabetic treatment.