Determination of Biogenic Amines in Seawater Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 5; p. 1112
• Main Authors: Gubartallah, Elbaleeq A, Makahleh, Ahmad, Quirino, Joselito P, Saad, Bahruddin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.05.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Amines; Biogenic amines; Biogenic Amines - chemistry; Biogenic Amines - isolation & purification; Cadaverine; capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector; Capillary electrophoresis; Chemical analysis; Conductivity; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Histamine; Linearity; Malic acid; Polarity; Pollutants; Pollution detection; Putrescine; Seawater; Seawater - chemistry; Signal to noise ratio; Silica; Spermidine; Spermidine - chemistry; Spermidine - isolation & purification; Spermine; Spermine - chemistry; Spermine - isolation & purification; Tryptamine; Tyramine; Water analysis; biogenic amines; capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector; seawater; capillary electrophoresis
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051112

A rapid and green analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) for the determination of eight environmental pollutants, the biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine, 2-phenylamine, histamine and tryptamine), is described. The separation was achieved under normal polarity mode at 24 °C and 25 kV with a hydrodynamic injection (50 mbar for 5 s) and using a bare fused-silica capillary (95 cm length × 50 µm i.d.) (detection length of 10.5 cm from the outlet end of the capillary). The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 400 mM malic acid. C⁴D parameters were set at a fixed amplitude (50 V) and frequency (600 kHz). Under the optimum conditions, the method exhibited good linearity over the range of 1.0⁻100 µg mL ( ² ≥ 0.981). The limits of detection based on signal to noise (S/N) ratios of 3 and 10 were ≤0.029 µg mL . The method was used for the determination of seawater samples that were spiked with biogenic amines. Good recoveries (77⁻93%) were found.