Surface treatments on titanium implants via nanostructured ceria for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities

• Published in: Acta biomaterialia Vol. 94; pp. 627 - 643
• Main Authors: Li, Xue, Qi, Manlin, Sun, Xiaolin, Weir, Michael D., Tay, Franklin R., Oates, Thomas W., Dong, Biao, Zhou, Yanmin, Wang, Lin, Xu, Hockin H.K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2019; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammation; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Biofilms - growth & development; Catalysis; Ceria; Cerium - chemistry; Cerium - pharmacology; Cerium oxides; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology; Dental implants; Dental prosthetics; Dental restorative materials; Dogs; Gene expression; Humans; IL-1β; Implants, Experimental; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Interleukin 6; Materials Testing; Nanorods; Nanostructure; Nanotubes - chemistry; Peri-implantitis; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Scavenging; Shape control; Streptococcus - physiology; Streptococcus sanguis; Surgical implants; Titanium; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - pharmacology; Transplants & implants; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Peri-implantitis; Shape control; Antibacterial; Anti-inflammation; Ceria
• ISSN: 1742-7061; 1878-7568
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.023

[Display omitted] Peri-implantitis is the most common risk factor for dental implant failure. Nanostructured ceria (nano-CeO2) has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions, and different shapes of ceria enclosed by specific crystal planes could be an effective approach to enhance intrinsic catalysis. In the present study, the authors developed a novel implant surface-modification strategy by coating different shapes of nano-CeO2 onto titanium (Ti) surfaces to enhance their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The objectives of the study were to: (1) develop novel Ti surfaces modified with different shapes of nano-CeO2 (nanorod, nanocube and nano-octahedron) for peri-implantitis prevention; (2) investigate and compare the inhibition efficacy of different shapes of CeO2-modified surfaces against biofilms of peri-implantitis-related pathogens; and (3) evaluate the different CeO2-modified surfaces on cell inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that nanorod CeO2-modified Ti had more bacteria attachment of Streptococcus sanguinis in the early stage, compared with other CeO2-modified Ti (p < 0.05). They all exhibited similarly substantial CFU reductions against peri-implantitis-related biofilms (p > 0.1). Nanocube and nano-octahedron CeO2-modified Ti exerted much better anti-inflammatory effects and ROS-scavenging ability than nanorod CeO2in vitro (p < 0.05). In vivo, the mean mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the tissues around Ti was decreased by the three shapes of nano-CeO2; nano-octahedron CeO2 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effect among all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all three types of CeO2-modified Ti exerted equally strong antibacterial properties; nano-octahedron CeO2-modified Ti had the best anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, CeO2-modified Ti surfaces are highly promising for enhancing antimicrobial functions for dental implants. Novel nano-octahedron CeO2 coating on Ti had great therapeutic potential for alleviating and eliminating peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis is the most common risk factor for dental implant failure. Nanostructured ceria (nano-CeO2) has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions, and different shapes of ceria enclosed by specific crystal planes could be an effective approach to enhance intrinsic catalysis. In the present study, we developed a novel implant surface-modification strategy by coating different shapes of nano-CeO2 onto titanium surfaces to enhance their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for dental implants. In addition, we found that the nano-octahedron CeO2 coating on titanium would have great therapeutic potential for alleviating and eliminating peri-implantitis.