Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukemia Virus with the Evidence of a New Genotype Circulating in Cattle from Kazakhstan

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and has worldwide distribution. Infections with BLV have been reported in cattle from Kazakhstan but the virus has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we detect and estimate the level of BLV prov...

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Published inPathogens (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 180
Main Authors Sultanov, Akhmetzhan, Rola-Łuszczak, Marzena, Mamanova, Saltanat, Ryło, Anna, Osiński, Zbigniew, Saduakassova, Meruyert A, Bashenova, Elvira, Kuźmak, Jacek
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.01.2022
MDPI
Subjects
BLV proviral load
bovine leukemia virus (BLV)
Bovine leukosis
Cattle
Dairy cattle
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Farms
Gene sequencing
Genetic testing
genetic variability
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Geographical distribution
Geographical locations
Infections
Kazakhstan
Leukemia
Leukosis
Milk
Multivariate analysis
phylogenetic analysis
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Statistical analysis
Trade restrictions
Viruses
Kazakhstan
bovine leukemia virus (BLV)
phylogenetic analysis
BLV proviral load
Kazakhstan
genetic variability
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Summary:Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and has worldwide distribution. Infections with BLV have been reported in cattle from Kazakhstan but the virus has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we detect and estimate the level of BLV proviral DNA by qPCR in DNA samples from 119 cattle naturally infected with BLV, from 18 farms located in four different geographical regions of Kazakhstan. Furthermore, we conducted the phylogenetic and molecular analysis of 41 BLV env-gp51 gene sequences from BLV infected cattle. Phylogenetic analysis showed the affiliation of sequences to two already known genotypes G4 and G7 and also to a new genotype, classified as genotype G12. In addition, a multivariate method was employed for analysis of the association between proviral load and different variables such as the geographical location of the herd, cattle breeds, age of animals, and the presence of particular BLV genotypes. In summary, the results of this study provide the first evidence on molecular characterization of BLV circulating in cattle from Kazakhstan.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11020180