An Integrated Mutually Oriented "Chemical Profiling-Pharmaceutical Effect" Strategy for Screening Discriminating Markers of Underlying Hepatoprotective Effects to Distinguish Garden-Cultivated from Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 18; p. 5456
• Main Authors: Li, Saiyu, Zhang, Yiwen, Yang, Panpan, Tong, Minghui, Xing, Luwen, Zhang, Qian, Bi, Kaishun, Li, Qing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.09.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - prevention & control; chemical profiling; Cheminformatics - methods; chemometric analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Correlation analysis; Discriminant analysis; discriminating markers; garden-cultivated Ginseng; Gardens; Gardens & gardening; Ginseng; Ginsenosides; Ginsenosides - analysis; Ginsenosides - chemistry; hepatoprotective activity; High-performance liquid chromatography; Ingredients; Injury analysis; Liquid chromatography; Liver; Markers; Mass Spectrometry; mountain-cultivated Ginseng; Mountains; Paclitaxel; Paclitaxel - adverse effects; Panax - chemistry; Panax - growth & development; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacology; Principal components analysis; Protective Agents - chemistry; Protective Agents - pharmacokinetics; Protective Agents - pharmacology; Quality assessment; Quality control; Quantitative analysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; chemometric analysis; mountain-cultivated Ginseng; hepatoprotective activity; chemical profiling; discriminating markers; garden-cultivated Ginseng
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185456

Garden-cultivated (GG) and mountain-cultivated (MG) both belong to C. A. Meyer. However, the effective substances which can be used to distinguish GG from MG remain obscure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to screen for discriminating markers that can assist in the correct identification of GG and MG. HPLC Q-TOF/MS and various chemometrics methods were used to analyze the chemical profiles of 13 batches of and to explore the characteristic constituents of both GG and MG. The hepatocyte-protecting effects of GG and MG were investigated through a paclitaxel-induced liver injury model. Through a combination of correlation analysis and bioinformatic techniques, markers for differentiation between GG and MG were ascertained. A total of 40 and 41 compounds were identified in GG and MG, respectively, and 15 characteristic ingredients contributed significantly to the discrimination of GG from MG. Correlation analysis and network pharmacology were applied and ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rg3 were found to be discriminating markers of GG and MG. Six markers for the identification of GG and MG were screened out by a step-wise mutually oriented "chemical profiling-pharmaceutical effect" correlation strategy, which is of great significance for future quality assessment of products.