Representing vaccine misinformation using ontologies

• Published in: Journal of biomedical semantics Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 22 - 13
• Main Authors: Amith, Muhammad, Tao, Cui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 31.08.2018; BMC
• Subjects: Biological Ontologies; Communication; Humans; Immunization; Informatics; Jones, Alex; Knowledge representation; Misinformation; Natural language processing; Ontology; Patient Acceptance of Health Care - psychology; Semantic similarity; Semantic web; Semantics; Social networks; Studies; Vaccine; Vaccine hesitancy; Vaccines; Vaccines - adverse effects; Semantic web; Microattribution; Misinformation; Ontology; Natural language processing; Semantic similarity; Vaccine
• ISSN: 2041-1480; 2041-1480
• DOI: 10.1186/s13326-018-0190-0

In this paper, we discuss the design and development of a formal ontology to describe misinformation about vaccines. Vaccine misinformation is one of the drivers leading to vaccine hesitancy in patients. While there are various levels of vaccine hesitancy to combat and specific interventions to address those levels, it is important to have tools that help researchers understand this problem. With an ontology, not only can we collect and analyze varied misunderstandings about vaccines, but we can also develop tools that can provide informatics solutions. We developed the Vaccine Misinformation Ontology (VAXMO) that extends the Misinformation Ontology and links to the nanopublication Resource Description Framework (RDF) model for false assertions of vaccines. Preliminary assessment using semiotic evaluation metrics indicated adequate quality for our ontology. We outlined and demonstrated proposed uses of the ontology to detect and understand anti-vaccine information. We surmised that VAXMO and its proposed use cases can support tools and technology that can pave the way for vaccine misinformation detection and analysis. Using an ontology, we can formally structure knowledge for machines and software to better understand the vaccine misinformation domain.