Distribution and Molecular Identification of Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus as Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 1334
• Main Authors: Eifan, Saleh, Hanif, Atif, Nour, Islam, Alqahtani, Sultan, Eisa, Zaki M, Dafalla, Ommer, Kohl, Alain
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Abundance; Animals; Aquatic insects; C. pipiens; C. tritaeniorhynchus; Carbon dioxide; Coccidioidomycosis; COI protein; Culex pipiens; Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Epidemics; Health surveillance; Infections; Jazan; Light traps; Livestock; Mosquitoes; Phylogeny; Polymerase chain reaction; Population density; Public health; Relative abundance; Rift Valley fever; Rift Valley fever virus; Risk assessment; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Vector-borne diseases; Vectors; Viruses; Saudi Arabia; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; Jazan; C. tritaeniorhynchus; Rift Valley fever virus; abundance; C. pipiens
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101334

Entomologic investigations were conducted in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Abuareesh, Al-Ahad, Samttah, Sabyah, Damad and Beash areas by CO -baited CDC miniature light traps in the Jazan region. Vectors were identified morphologically, as well as COI gene segment amplification and sequencing. The relative abundance (RA%) and pattern of occurrence (C%) were recorded. The presence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in pooled mosquito samples was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ( ) and ( ) were found with RA% values of 96% and 4%, respectively, in the region. Significant variations in vector population densities were observed in different districts. The was found highly abundant in all districts and RA% value (100%) was recorded in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Samttah and Damad areas, whereas RA% values (93.75%, 93.33%, 92.30% and 91.66%) were noted in Al-Ahad, Sabyah, Abuareesh and Beash districts, respectively. RA% values for were recorded as 8.33%, 7.70%, 6.66% and 6.25% in Beash, Abuareesh, Sabyah and Al-Ahad areas, respectively. The pattern of occurrence for and was recorded as 100% and 44.4% in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of and exhibited a close relationship with mosquitoes from Kenya and Turkey, respectively. All mosquito samples tested by RT-PCR were found negative for RVFV. In summary, the current study assessed the composition, abundance, distribution of different mosquito vectors and presence of RVFV in different areas of the Jazan region. Our data will help risk assessments of RVFV future re-emergence in the region.