HIV-Associated Prospective Memory Impairment in the Laboratory Predicts Failures on a Semi-Naturalistic Measure of Health Care Compliance

• Published in: Clinical neuropsychologist Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. 945 - 962
• Main Authors: Zogg, Jennifer B., Paul Woods, Steven, Weber, Erica, Iudicello, Jennifer E., Dawson, Matthew S., Grant, Igor, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group, The
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hove Psychology Press 01.08.2010
• Subjects: Adherence; Adult; AIDS dementia complex; Biological and medical sciences; Compliance; Episodic memory; Everyday functioning; Executive Function - physiology; Female; HIV Infections - complications; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Infectious diseases; Male; Medical sciences; Medication Adherence - psychology; Memory Disorders - etiology; Memory Disorders - psychology; Memory Disorders - virology; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Human; Immunopathology; Memory disorder; Everyday functioning; Cognitive disorder; Compliance; Daily living; Retroviridae; AIDS; Cognition; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Infection; Virus; Adherence; Prospective memory; AIDS dementia complex; Viral disease; Treatment compliance; Degenerative disease; Human immunodeficiency virus; Predictive factor; Episodic memory; Dementia
• ISSN: 1385-4046; 1744-4144
• DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2010.501343

HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, particularly in the domain of prospective memory (ProM), increases the risk of poor everyday functioning outcomes, including medication non-adherence. However, whether ProM plays a role in health care compliance outside of the realm of medication adherence remains to be determined. This study evaluated the hypothesis that ProM is an independent predictor of failure to comply with non-medication-related instructions akin to those commonly given by health care providers. Participants were 139 HIV-infected adults who underwent medical, psychiatric, and neuropsychological assessments, including a laboratory-based measure of ProM. To assess real-world compliance, participants were instructed to call the examiner 24 hours after the evaluation and report how many hours they had slept. Individuals who failed to correctly comply with these instructions (n = 104) demonstrated significantly lower performance on both time- and event-based ProM at baseline than the compliant group (n = 35), an effect that was primarily driven by errors of omission. ProM remained a significant predictor of noncompliance after controlling for potential confounders, including demographics (e.g., education), traditional cognitive measures of retrospective memory and executive functions, and psychiatric factors (e.g., depression). Results support the hypothesis that ProM plays a unique role in compliance with health care instructions for HIV disease management and may inform interventions designed to improve treatment outcomes.