Structure and function of a novel GH8 endoglucanase from the bacterial cellulose synthase complex of Raoultella ornithinolytica

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 12; no. 4; p. e0176550
• Main Authors: Scapin, Sandra Mara Naressi, Souza, Flavio Henrique Moreira, Zanphorlin, Leticia Maria, de Almeida, Thamyres Silva, Sade, Youssef Bacila, Cardoso, Alexander Machado, Pinheiro, Guilherme Luiz, Murakami, Mario Tyago
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 27.04.2017; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Achatina fulica; Bacillus; Bacteria; Biofilms; Biology and Life Sciences; Biosynthesis; Catalysis; Cellulase - chemistry; Cellulase - physiology; Cellulose; Cellulose synthase; Cloning; Cloning, Molecular; Clostridium thermocellum; Crystallography, X-Ray; Degree of polymerization; E coli; Endoglucanase; Enterobacteriaceae - enzymology; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes; Gene expression; Genes, Bacterial; Glucosyltransferases - chemistry; Glucosyltransferases - physiology; Laboratories; Life sciences; Machinery and equipment; Models, Molecular; Oligosaccharides; Operons; pH effects; Physical Sciences; Polymerization; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Quality; Raoultella ornithinolytica; Research and Analysis Methods; Structural analysis; Structure-function relationships; Substrates; Temperature range; Brazil; United States > US; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176550

Cellulose synthesis in bacteria is a complex process involving the concerted action of several enzymes whose genes are often organized in operons. This process influences many fundamental physiological aspects such as bacteria and host interaction, biofilm formation, among others. Although it might sound contradictory, the participation of cellulose-degrading enzymes is critical to this process. The presence of endoglucanases from family 8 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH8) in bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) complex has been described in different bacteria, including the model organism Komagataeibacter xylinus; however, their role in this process is not completely understood. In this study, we describe the biochemical characterization and three-dimensional structure of a novel GH8 member from Raoultella ornithinolytica, named AfmE1, which was previously identified by our group from the metagenomic analysis of the giant snail Achatina fulica. Our results demonstrated that AfmE1 is an endo-β-1,4-glucanase, with maximum activity in acidic to neutral pH over a wide temperature range. This enzyme cleaves cello-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization ≥ 5 and presents six glucosyl-binding subsites. The structural comparison of AfmE1 with other GH8 endoglucanases showed significant structural dissimilarities in the catalytic cleft, particularly in the subsite +3, which correlate with different functional mechanisms, such as the recognition of substrate molecules having different arrangements and crystallinities. Together, these findings provide new insights into molecular and structural features of evolutionarily conserved endoglucanases from the bacterial cellulose biosynthetic machinery.