The structural organization of substrate loading in iterative polyketide synthases
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are microbial multienzymes for the biosynthesis of biologically potent secondary metabolites. Polyketide production is initiated by the loading of a starter unit onto an integral acyl carrier protein (ACP) and its subsequent transfer to the ketosynthase (KS). Initial subs...
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Published in | Nature chemical biology Vol. 14; no. 5; pp. 474 - 479 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Nature Publishing Group
01.05.2018
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are microbial multienzymes for the biosynthesis of biologically potent secondary metabolites. Polyketide production is initiated by the loading of a starter unit onto an integral acyl carrier protein (ACP) and its subsequent transfer to the ketosynthase (KS). Initial substrate loading is achieved either by multidomain loading modules or by the integration of designated loading domains, such as starter unit acyltransferases (SAT), whose structural integration into PKS remains unresolved. A crystal structure of the loading/condensing region of the nonreducing PKS CTB1 demonstrates the ordered insertion of a pseudodimeric SAT into the condensing region, which is aided by the SAT-KS linker. Cryo-electron microscopy of the post-loading state trapped by mechanism-based crosslinking of ACP to KS reveals asymmetry across the CTB1 loading/-condensing region, in accord with preferential 1:2 binding stoichiometry. These results are critical for re-engineering the loading step in polyketide biosynthesis and support functional relevance of asymmetric conformations of PKSs. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 R.P.J. expressed, purified and crystallized CTB1 SAT-KS-MAT. D.A.H., R.P.J., and T.M. solved the crystal structure. D.A.H. performed cryo-EM, data processing, modeling, refinement and analysis of all structural data. C.R.H.-R. optimized and prepared crosslinked CTB1 SAT°-KS-MAT°=ACP2 for structural analysis and performed mutational experiments for structural validation. J.M.K. synthesized the α-bromopropionyl crosslinker. PA.S. and J.R.A. performed initial exploratory experiments, and J.R.A. prepared the CTB1 SAT°-KS-MAT° construct for crosslinking. C.A.T. and T.M. designed research. The manuscript was written by D.A.H., T.M., C.R.H.-R., and C.A.T. Author contributions |
ISSN: | 1552-4450 1552-4469 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41589-018-0026-3 |