Physical, chemical, and biological changes in the rhizosphere and nutrient availability

• Published in: Journal of plant nutrition Vol. 29; no. 7; pp. 1327 - 1356
• Main Authors: Fageria, N.K, Stone, L.F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, NJ Taylor & Francis Group 01.01.2006; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; allelopathy; aluminum; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Autoecology; Biological and medical sciences; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; literature reviews; microbial association; nutrient availability; Physical properties; Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils; plant growth; plants; Plants and fungi; redox potential; rhizosphere; root exudates; root exudation; soil fertility; soil microorganisms; soil pH; Soil science; soil structure; soil temperature; soil water content; soil-plant interactions; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Structure, texture, density, mechanical behavior. Heat and gas exchanges; Root; Available nutrient; Property of soil; Soil structure; PLANT NUTRITION; Inorganic element; Physical properties; Biological activity; Rhizosphere; microbial association; Chemical modification; root exudation; soil pH; Vegetative apparatus; pH; Soil biology; Soil science; Exudation; Microorganism; Soil plant relation; Physicochemical properties; Microbial community
• ISSN: 0190-4167; 1532-4087
• DOI: 10.1080/01904160600767682

The rhizosphere is the soil zone adjacent to plant roots which is physically, chemically, and biologically different from bulk or non-rhizosphere soil. Adaptative mechanisms of plants influence physical (temperature, water availability, and structure), chemical pH, redox potential, nutrient concentration, root exudates, aluminum (Al) detoxification and allelopathy, and biological properties (microbial association) in the rhizosphere. These changes affect nutrient solubility, transport, and uptake and ultimately plant growth. Major rhizosphere changes are synthesized and their influence on nutrient availability is discussed. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the rhizosphere environment and nutrient availability. However, the subject matter is very complex and more research is needed to understand the interaction between the plant, the rhizosphere environment, and nutrient availability.