Synergistic effect of low K and D vitamin status on arterial stiffness in a general population

• Published in: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Vol. 46; pp. 83 - 89
• Main Authors: Mayer, Otto, Seidlerová, Jitka, Wohlfahrt, Peter, Filipovský, Jan, Cífková, Renata, Černá, Václava, Kučerová, Alena, Pešta, Martin, Fuchsová, Radka, Topolčan, Ondřej, Jardon, Kelly M.C., Drummen, Nadja E.A., Vermeer, Cees
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D LEVEL; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3; Adult; Aged; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; Aortic pulse wave velocity; biomarkers; Calcifediol; Calcifediol - blood; calcitriol receptors; calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; chronic diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; ELASTIN; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Extracellular Matrix Proteins - metabolism; Female; gamma-Carboxyglutamate; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; genotype; homeostasis; Humans; immunochemistry; Male; MATRIX GLA-PROTEIN; MGP; Middle Aged; nutrients; odds ratio; OSTEOGENIC REGULATION; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; Pulse Wave Analysis; RAT AORTA; Receptors, Calcitriol; Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics; Regression Analysis; rs2228570 genotype; synergism; tissues; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; Vascular Stiffness; Vascular Stiffness - physiology; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin K; Vitamin K - blood; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency - physiopathology; vitamin status; γ-Carboxyglutamate; Aortic pulse wave velocity; Vitamin D; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3; MGP; γ-Carboxyglutamate; rs2228570 genotype; Vitamin K; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.010

Both vitamins K and D are nutrients with pleiotropic functions in human tissues. The metabolic role of these vitamins overlaps considerably in calcium homeostasis. We analyzed their potential synergetic effect on arterial stiffness. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) in 1023 subjects from the Czech post-MONICA study. Desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein (dp-ucMGP), a biomarker of vitamin K status, was measured by sandwich ELISA and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) by a commercial immunochemical assay. In a subsample of 431 subjects without chronic disease or pharmacotherapy, we detected rs2228570 polymorphism for the vitamin D receptor. After adjustment for confounders, aPWV was independently associated with both factors: dp-ucMGP [β-coefficient(S.E.M.)=13.91(4.87); P=.004] and 25-OH-D3 [0.624(0.28); P=.027]. In a further analysis, we divided subjects according to dp-ucMGP and 25-OH-D3 quartiles, resulting in 16 subgroups. The highest aPWV had subjects in the top quartile of dp-ucMGP plus bottom quartile of 25-OH-D3 (i.e., in those with insufficient status of both vitamin K and vitamin D), while the lowest aPVW had subjects in the bottom quartile of dp-ucMGP plus top quartile of 25-OH-D3 [9.8 (SD2.6) versus 6.6 (SD1.6) m/s; P<.0001]. When we compared these extreme groups of vitamin K and D status, the adjusted odds ratio for aPWV≥9.3 m/s was 6.83 (95% CI:1.95–20.9). The aPWV was also significantly higher among subjects bearing the GG genotype of rs2228570, but only in those with a concomitantly poor vitamin K status. In conclusion, we confirmed substantial interaction of insufficient K and D vitamin status in terms of increased aortic stiffness.