Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages

In this paper, chitooligosaccharides in different salt forms, such as chitooligosaccharide lactate, citrate, adipate, etc., were prepared by the microwave method. They were characterized by SEM, FTIR, NMR, etc., and the nitric oxide (NO) expression was determined in RAW 264.7 cells. The results show...

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Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 9; p. 2563
Main Authors Xing, Ronge, Xu, Chaojie, Gao, Kun, Yang, Haoyue, Liu, Yongliang, Fan, Zhaoqian, Liu, Song, Qin, Yukun, Yu, Huahua, Li, Pengcheng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Absorption
Carboxyl group
characterization
chitooligosaccharides salts
Citric acid
Hydrocarbons
Hydrochloric acid
Lactic acid
Macrophages
Methylene
Molecular weight
Morphology
Nitric oxide
promoting NO production
pure chitooligosaccharides
Ring structures
Salts
Secretion
chitooligosaccharides salts
promoting NO production
pure chitooligosaccharides
characterization
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Summary:In this paper, chitooligosaccharides in different salt forms, such as chitooligosaccharide lactate, citrate, adipate, etc., were prepared by the microwave method. They were characterized by SEM, FTIR, NMR, etc., and the nitric oxide (NO) expression was determined in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that pure chitooligosaccharide was an irregular spherical shape with rough surface, and its different salt type products are amorphous solid with different honeycomb sizes. In addition to the characteristic absorption peaks of chitooligosaccharides, in FTIR, the characteristic absorption of carboxyl group, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid appeared. The characteristic absorption peaks of carbon in carboxyl group, hydrogen and carbon in methyl, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid also appeared in NMR. Therefore, the sugar ring structure and linking mode of chitooligosaccharides did not change after salt formation of chitooligosaccharides. Different salt chitooligosaccharides are completely different in promoting NO secretion by macrophages, and pure chitooligosaccharides are the best.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26092563