Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 14; p. 4430
• Main Authors: Wanjiru, Jecinta, Gathirwa, Jeremiah, Sauli, Elingarami, Swai, Hulda Shaid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11.07.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acute toxicity; Animals; antiproliferation; Antiproliferatives; Bioavailability; Biocompatibility; Breast cancer; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Controlled release; Cytotoxicity; Developing countries; Dialysis; Doxorubicin; Doxorubicin - pharmacology; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Efficiency; Encapsulation; Flavonoids; Herbal medicine; Humans; In vivo methods and tests; LDCs; Leaves; Light scattering; Lipids; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Moringa oleifera; natural nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Optimization; Particle size; Permeability; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves; Polydispersity; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - pharmacology; Selectivity; Sustained release; Tumor cell lines; Zeta potential; polyphenols; breast cancer; natural nanoparticles; Moringa oleifera; antiproliferation
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144430

Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. Moringa oleifera polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and characterized using the dynamic light scattering and dialysis membrane techniques. The in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were investigated with the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazole) MTT assay. Acute toxicity was assessed using Swiss albino mice. An MoP particle size of 296 ± 0.29 nm, −40.1 ± 1.19 mV zeta potential, and polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 0.002 were obtained. The total phenolic content was 50.81 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, while encapsulation efficiency was 90.32 ± 0.11%. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic and prolonged subsequent sustained release. In vitro assays indicated MoP had a low cytotoxicity effect of 98.84 ± 0.53 μg/mL, doxorubicin was 68.35 ± 3.508, and Mopp was 212.9 ± 1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73 ± 2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index > 3. The results indicated a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. The in vivo investigation showed the safety of MoP at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that MoP may serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery and therapy.