Complexity of the Genetic Background of Oncogenesis in Ovarian Cancer-Genetic Instability and Clinical Implications

• Published in: Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 4; p. 345
• Main Authors: Murawski, Marek, Jagodziński, Adam, Bielawska-Pohl, Aleksandra, Klimczak, Aleksandra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2024
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT protein; Apoptosis; BRCA1 mutations; BRCA1 protein; c-Myc protein; Carcinogenesis; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Development and progression; Disease prevention; DNA repair; Endometriosis; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic factors; genetic instability; Genetic screening; Genetic testing; Genomic instability; K-Ras protein; Medical prognosis; Mutation; Myc protein; oncogenesis; Ovarian cancer; Ovarian carcinoma; p53 Protein; Patients; Proteins; PTEN protein; Reviews; Risk factors; RRSO; Therapeutic targets; TOR protein; TP53 mutations; Tumorigenesis; Tumors; Poland; genetic instability; BRCA1 mutations; ovarian cancer; c-myc amplification; CTNNB1 mutations; BRAF mutations; RAS mutations; ARID1A mutations; PTEN mutations; TP53 mutations; oncogenesis; BRCA2 mutations; RRSO; PIK3CA mutations
• ISSN: 2073-4409; 2073-4409
• DOI: 10.3390/cells13040345

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancers, and is often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor outcomes. This review explores genetic aspects of high-grade serous, endometrioid, and clear-cell ovarian carcinomas, emphasizing personalized treatment approaches. Specific mutations such as in high-grade serous and in low-grade serous carcinomas highlight the need for tailored therapies. Varying mutation prevalence across subtypes, including , , , , and c-myc amplification, offers potential therapeutic targets. This review underscores 's pivotal role and advocates p53 immunohistochemical staining for mutational analysis. mutations' significance as genetic risk factors and their relevance in PARP inhibitor therapy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing. This review also addresses the paradoxical better prognosis linked to and mutations in ovarian cancer. , , and alterations in platinum resistance contribute to the genetic landscape. Therapeutic strategies, like restoring WT p53 function and exploring PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, are considered. The evolving understanding of genetic factors in ovarian carcinomas supports tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual tumor genetic profiles. Ongoing research shows promise for advancing personalized treatments and refining genetic testing in neoplastic diseases, including ovarian cancer. Clinical genetic screening tests can identify women at increased risk, guiding predictive cancer risk-reducing surgery.