T regulatory cell mediated immunotherapy for solid organ transplantation: A clinical perspective

T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a vital role in suppressing heightened immune responses, and thereby promote a state of immunological tolerance. Tregs modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, which make them a potential candidate for cell-based immunotherapy to suppress uncontrolled activation of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 892 - 904
Main Author Khan, Mohammad Afzal
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central 01.01.2016
Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
BMC
Subjects
Antigens
Apoptosis
Cell growth
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Genes
Immunology
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Proteins
Regulation
Review
T cell receptors
Transplants & implants
cell immunotherapy
microvascular flow
Immune suppression
allograft health
T regulatory cells
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Summary:T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a vital role in suppressing heightened immune responses, and thereby promote a state of immunological tolerance. Tregs modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, which make them a potential candidate for cell-based immunotherapy to suppress uncontrolled activation of graft specific inflammatory cells and their toxic mediators. These grafts specific inflammatory cells (T effector cells) and other inflammatory mediators (Immunoglobulins, active complement mediators) are mainly responsible for graft vascular deterioration followed by acute/chronic rejection. Treg mediated immunotherapy is under investigation to induce allospecific tolerance in various ongoing clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Treg immunotherapy is showing promising results but the key issues regarding Treg immunotherapy are not yet fully resolved including their mechanism of action, and specific Treg cell phenotype responsible for a state of tolerance. This review highlights the involvement of various subsets of Tregs during immune suppression, novelty of Tregs functions, effects on angiogenesis, emerging technologies for effective Treg expansion, plasticity and safety associated with clinical applications. Altogether this information will assist in designing single/combined Treg mediated therapies for successful clinical trials in solid organ transplantations.
ISSN:1076-1551
1528-3658
DOI:10.2119/molmed.2016.00050