AGSE: A Novel Grape Seed Extract Enriched for PP2A Activating Flavonoids That Combats Oxidative Stress and Promotes Skin Health

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 21; p. 6351
• Main Authors: Huber, Kristen L, Fernández, José R, Webb, Corey, Rouzard, Karl, Healy, Jason, Tamura, Masanori, Stock, Jeffry B, Stock, Maxwell, Pérez, Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Aging; Aging (natural); Alzheimer's disease; Animals; anti-inflammatory; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Ascorbic acid; botanical extract; Cell growth; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Collagen; cosmetic; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Demethylation; Demethylation - drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental effects; Extracellular matrix; Fibroblasts; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - metabolism; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - chemistry; Flavonoids - isolation & purification; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Fractionation; Fruits; Gene expression; Genes; grape seed; Grape Seed Extract - chemistry; Grape Seed Extract - isolation & purification; Grape Seed Extract - pharmacology; Grapes; Humans; Inflammation; Methylation; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Phosphatase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase; Plant extracts; Polyphenols; PP2A; Protein phosphatase; Protein Phosphatase 2 - metabolism; Proteins; Seeds; Skin; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Wound healing; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; grape seed; PP2A; cosmetic; botanical extract
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216351

Environmental stimuli attack the skin daily resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. One pathway that regulates oxidative stress in skin involves Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase which has been previously linked to Alzheimer's Disease and aging. Oxidative stress decreases PP2A methylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Thus, we hypothesize agents that increase PP2A methylation and activity will promote skin health and combat aging. To discover novel inhibitors of PP2A demethylation activity, we screened a library of 32 natural botanical extracts. We discovered Grape Seed Extract (GSE), which has previously been reported to have several benefits for skin, to be the most potent PP2A demethylating extract. Via several fractionation and extraction steps we developed a novel grape seed extract called Activated Grape Seed Extract (AGSE), which is enriched for PP2A activating flavonoids that increase potency in preventing PP2A demethylation when compared to commercial GSE. We then determined that 1% AGSE and 1% commercial GSE exhibit distinct gene expression profiles when topically applied to a 3D human skin model. To begin to characterize AGSE's activity, we investigated its antioxidant potential and demonstrate it reduces ROS levels in NHDFs and cell-free assays equal to or better than Vitamin C and E. Moreover, AGSE shows anti-inflammatory properties, dose-dependently inhibiting UVA, UVB and chemical-induced inflammation. These results demonstrate AGSE is a novel, multi-functional extract that modulates methylation levels of PP2A and supports the hypothesis of PP2A as a master regulator for oxidative stress signaling and aging in skin.