Maximum wind speeds and US hurricane losses

• Published in: Geophysical research letters Vol. 39; no. 16
• Main Authors: Murnane, R. J., Elsner, J. B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Blackwell Publishing Ltd 28.08.2012; American Geophysical Union
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; economic loss; Exact sciences and technology; hurricane; United States; density; hurricanes; atmospheric precipitation; Severe weather; Tropical cyclone; roughness; regression; Wind velocity; climate; North America; populations
• ISSN: 0094-8276; 1944-8007
• DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052740

There is academic, commercial, and public interest in estimating loss from hurricanes striking land and understanding how loss might change as a result of future variations in climate. Here we show that the relationship between wind speed and loss is exponential and that loss increases with wind speed at a rate of 5% per m s−1. The relationship is derived using quantile regression and a data set comprising wind speeds of hurricanes hitting the United States and normalized economic losses. We suggest that the “centercepts” for the different quantiles account for exposure‐related factors such as population density, precipitation, and surface roughness, and that once these effects are accounted for, the increase in loss with wind speed is consistent across quantiles. An out‐of‐sample test of this relationship correctly predicts economic losses from Hurricane Irene in 2011. The exponential relationship suggests that increased wind speeds will produce significantly higher losses; however, increases in exposed property and population are expected to be a more important factor for near future losses. Key Points There's an exponential relationship between wind speed at landfall and loss Loss increases at a rate of 5%/m/s increase in wind speed at landfall Loss from a US hurricane can be estimated from maximum wind speed at landfall