Three-dimensional ordered porous electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage

• Published in: NPG Asia materials Vol. 11; no. 1
• Main Authors: Liu, Zaichun, Yuan, Xinhai, Zhang, Shuaishuai, Wang, Jing, Huang, Qinghong, Yu, Nengfei, Zhu, Yusong, Fu, Lijun, Wang, Faxing, Chen, Yuhui, Wu, Yuping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.03.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 639/301/299/1013; 639/638/161/891; 639/925/357/995; Biomaterials; Carbon; Charge efficiency; Charge transport; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cobalt oxides; Conducting polymers; Electrochemical analysis; Electrode materials; Electrodes; Energy storage; Energy Systems; Germanium; Germanium oxides; Intercalation compounds; Lithium; Lithium batteries; Lithium manganese oxides; Lithium sulfur batteries; Manganese dioxide; Materials Science; Metal air batteries; Metal oxides; Molybdenum disulfide; Optical and Electronic Materials; Polyanilines; Polypyrroles; Porous materials; Production costs; Rechargeable batteries; Review Article; Silicon; Structural Materials; Supercapacitors; Surface and Interface Science; Thin Films; Tin dioxide; Titanium dioxide; Transition metal compounds; Transition metal oxides
• ISSN: 1884-4049; 1884-4057
• DOI: 10.1038/s41427-019-0112-3

The past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called “inverse opals”) for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties endowed by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The 3DOP electrode materials discussed here mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides (such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Fe 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 O, MnO 2 , and GeO 2 ), transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS 2 and WS 2 ), elementary substances (such as Si, Ge, and Au), intercalation compounds (such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 ), and conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline). Representative applications of these materials in Li ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O 2 batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. Particular focus is placed on how ordered porous structures influence the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Additionally, we discuss research opportunities as well as the current challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier. Energy devices: Porous materials for better storage Three-dimensional ordered porous materials can improve the electrochemical storage of energy. Jing Wang and Yuping Wu from Nanjing Tech University, China and co-workers review the development of these materials for use as electrodes in devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. Three-dimensional ordered porous materials are created by inserting the desired raw material into a template made from an array of spheres. The spheres are removed to leave a hole-filled material ideal for storage. The authors describe how this ordered porous structure influences the electrochemical performance of electrodes made from elementary materials, transition metal oxides, conductive polymers, or carbon-based materials, among others. The challenges for the future are discussed, including developing a better fundamental understanding of charge transport, improving efficiency, scaling-up production, and lowering production costs. The past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called “inverse opals”) for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Yuping Wu from Nanjing Tech University anchored recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties bound by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The team introduces various 3DOP electrode materials and their representative applications as electrode materials. Additionally, the team also provides research opportunities as well as the challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier.