Enhancing structural plasticity of PC12 neurons during differentiation and neurite regeneration with a catalytically inactive mutant version of the zRICH protein

• Published in: BMC neuroscience Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1 - 43
• Main Authors: Bandla, Ashoka C, Sheth, Aditya S, Zarate, Sara M, Uskamalla, Suraj, Hager, Elizabeth C, Villarreal, Victor A, González-García, Maribel, Ballestero, Rafael P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 23.08.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: 2’,3’-Cyclic Nucleotide 3’-Phosphodiesterase; Antibodies; Axon Regeneration; Axonogenesis; Branching; Cell differentiation; Cell fusion; Cell membranes; Cytoskeleton; Design of experiments; Fusion protein; Gene mutations; Genetic aspects; Growth factors; Localization; Microscopy; Molecular modelling; Molecular weight; Morphometry; Mutants; Nervous system; Neuritogenesis; Neurological research; Neuron differentiation; Neurons; Neuroplasticity; Optic nerve; Physiological aspects; Plasmids; Plasticity; Protein folding; Proteins; Red fluorescent protein; Regeneration; Signal transduction; Silicones; Teleost; Tubulin; United States
• ISSN: 1471-2202; 1471-2202
• DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00808-1

Abstract Background Studies of the molecular mechanisms of nerve regeneration have led to the discovery of several proteins that are induced during successful nerve regeneration. RICH proteins were identified as proteins induced during the regeneration of the optic nerve of teleost fish. These proteins are 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide, 3’-phosphodiesterases that can bind to cellular membranes through a carboxy-terminal membrane localization domain. They interact with the tubulin cytoskeleton and are able to enhance neuronal structural plasticity by promoting the formation of neurite branches. Results PC12 stable transfectant cells expressing a fusion protein combining a red fluorescent protein with a catalytically inactive mutant version of zebrafish RICH protein were generated. These cells were used as a model to analyze effects of the protein on neuritogenesis. Differentiation experiments showed a 2.9 fold increase in formation of secondary neurites and a 2.4 fold increase in branching points. A 2.2 fold increase in formation of secondary neurites was observed in neurite regeneration assays. Conclusions The use of a fluorescent fusion protein facilitated detection of expression levels. Two computer-assisted morphometric analysis methods indicated that the catalytically inactive RICH protein induced the formation of branching points and secondary neurites both during differentiation and neurite regeneration. A procedure based on analysis of random field images provided comparable results to classic neurite tracing methods. Graphical Abstract