A novel pulse-modulated closed-loop artificial pancreas based on intravenous administration of insulin and glucagon

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 26659 - 11
• Main Authors: Goede, Simon L., Snels, Victor H., Berghuis, Willem-Jan W. J. H., Bernards, Jan P. C., Wyder, Urs
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 04.11.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/166/987; 692/163; 692/308; Administration, Intravenous; Blood Glucose - analysis; Control systems; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes type-1; Disease management; Electrical network model; Glucagon; Glucagon - administration & dosage; Glucagon - metabolism; Glucose monitoring; Glucose transport; Homeostasis; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - administration & dosage; Insulin Infusion Systems; Intravenous administration; multidisciplinary; Pancreas; Pancreas, Artificial; Personalized target; Physiological translation; Physiology; Pulsatile dual glucose control; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Simulation; Translation; Electrical network model; IV insulin/glucagon pump; Simulation; Personalized target; Pulsatile dual glucose control; Physiological translation; Diabetes type-1
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77800-0

Current attempts to implement and apply automated control systems for the management of glucose homeostasis in individuals with diabetes are partly successful. In most semi and closed loop control systems to mimic the action of a normal pancreas in diabetes patients, insulin is administered subcutaneously. However, the parameters for insulin diffusion and transport time constants are relatively large and have wide individual variations. Therefore, deviation from a normal meal can result in suboptimal euglycemic control. Stable and reliable closed loop feedback control using continuous glucose monitoring under these conditions is difficult and needs regular interventions from the user. This article describes the translation of the endocrine physiology of a normal pancreas to an electronic equivalent. With this translation, the complex effects of a direct intravenous pulsatile method of insulin and glucagon administration can be simulated in accordance with physiological observations in a healthy subject and has been built with standard electronic components. This device is applicable for any individual and under any condition to automatically maintain the desired optimal euglycemic condition. The insulin and glucagon response control is presented in the same physiological pulsatile manner as is observed in healthy individuals.