Mercury methylation and bacterial activity associated to tropical phytoplankton

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 364; no. 1; pp. 188 - 199
• Main Authors: Coelho-Souza, Sérgio A., Guimarães, Jean R.D., Mauro, Jane B.N., Miranda, Marcio R., Azevedo, Sandra M.F.O.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier B.V 01.07.2006; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Bacteria; Biological and physicochemical phenomena; Cyanobacteria; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Exact sciences and technology; Freshwater; Heterotrophic activity; Leucine; Leucine - metabolism; Mercury - analysis; Mercury - metabolism; Methylation; Methylmercury; Methylmercury Compounds - analysis; Microcystis - metabolism; Microcystis aeruginosa; Natural water pollution; Oxidation-Reduction; Phytoplankton - metabolism; Phytoplankton - microbiology; Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; Sulfate reduction; Sulfates - metabolism; Tropical Climate; Water Pollution, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment and pollution; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepagua Lagoon; Brazil, Ribeirao das Lajes Reservoir; Sulfate reduction; Heterotrophic activity; Leucine; Methylmercury; Cyanobacteria; Microbial activity; Laboratory study; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Microcystis aeruginosa; Radiochemical analysis; Pollutant behavior; Tropical zone; Synechocystis; Coastal lagoon; Aquatic environment; Biogeochemistry; Plankton; Artificial lake; Bacteria; Phytoplankton; Water pollution; Methylation; Mercury; Organic compounds
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.07.010

The methylated form of mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), is one of the most toxic pollutants. Biotic and/or abiotic methylation, often associated to sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism, occurs in aquatic environments and in many tropical areas, mostly in the periphyton associated to floating macrophyte roots. Data about mercury methylation by phytoplankton are scarce and the aim of this study was to verify the biotic influence in the methylation process in Microcystis aeruginosa and Sineccocystis sp. laboratory strains and in natural populations of phytoplankton from two different aquatic systems, the mesotrophic Ribeirão das Lajes reservoir and hypereutrophic oligohaline Jacarepaguá lagoon, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Adapted radiochemical techniques were used to measure sulfate-reduction, mercury methylation and bacterial activity in phytoplankton samples. Methyl- 203Hg formation from added inorganic 203Hg and 3H-Leucine uptake were measured by liquid scintillation as well as sulfate-reduction, estimated as H 2 35S produced from added Na 2 35SO 4. There was no significant difference in low methylation potentials (0.37%) among the two cyanobacterium species studied in laboratory conditions. At Ribeirão das Lajes reservoir, there was no significant difference in methylation, bacterial activity and sulfate-reduction of surface sediment between the sampling points. Methylation in sediments (3–4%) was higher than in phytoplankton (1.5%), the opposite being true for bacterial activity (sediment mean 6.6 against 150.3 nmol gdw − 1 h − 1 for phytoplankton samples). At Jacarepaguá lagoon, an expressive bacterial activity (477.1 × 10 3 nmol gdw − 1 h − 1 at a concentration of 1000 nM leucine) and sulfate-reduction (∼21% H 2 35S trapped) associated to phytoplankton (mostly cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa) was observed, but mercury methylation was not detected.