Impulse control in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex counteracts post-diet weight regain in obesity

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 109; pp. 318 - 327
• Main Authors: Weygandt, Martin, Mai, Knut, Dommes, Esther, Ritter, Kerstin, Leupelt, Verena, Spranger, Joachim, Haynes, John-Dylan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2015; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adult; Body Mass Index; Delay Discounting - physiology; Diet, Reducing; DLPFC; Female; fMRI; Humans; Impulse-control; Impulsive Behavior - physiology; Impulsivity; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Metabolic disorders; Middle Aged; Mortality; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - physiopathology; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology; Teenagers; Weight control; Weight Gain; Weight maintenance; Obesity; fMRI; Impulsivity; Weight maintenance; DLPFC; Impulse-control
• ISSN: 1053-8119; 1095-9572; 1095-9572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.073

A variety of studies suggest that efficient treatments to induce short-term dietary success in obesity exist. However, sustained maintenance of reduced weight is rare as a large proportion of patients start to regain weight when treatment is discontinued. Thus, from a clinical perspective, it would be desirable to identify factors that counteract post-diet weight regain across longer time-scales. To address this question, we extended our previous work on neural impulse control mechanisms of short-term dietary success in obesity and now investigated the mechanisms counteracting long-term weight regain after a diet. Specifically, we measured neural impulse control during a delay discounting task with fMRI at two time points, i.e. the beginning (‘T0’) and the end (‘T12’) of a one-year follow-up interval after a 12-week diet. Then, we tested whether activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at T0 and whether activity changes across the follow-up period (T0−T12) are linked to success in weight maintenance. The analyses conducted show that control-related DLPFC activity at T0 was coupled to the degree of success in weight maintenance. Consistently, also behavioral measures of control were linked to the degree of success in maintenance. A direct comparison of neural and behavioral control parameters for prognostic weight change modeling revealed that neural signals were more informative. Taken together, neural impulse control in the DLPFC measured with fMRI directly after a diet predicts real-world diet success in obese patients across extended time periods. •We measure food-specific delay discounting directly and one year after a diet.•DLPFC activity related to control correlates with post-diet weight maintenance.•Behavioral impulse control is linked to the degree of weight maintenance.•fMRI signals can be highly informative for real-world outcome measures.