Stored energy accompanying cyclic deformation of filled rubber

• Published in: European polymer journal Vol. 98; pp. 448 - 455
• Main Authors: Loukil, M.T., Corvec, G., Robin, E., Miroir, M., Le Cam, J.-B., Garnier, P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2018; Elsevier BV; Elsevier
• Subjects: Butadiene; Dissipation; Elastic deformation; Elastomer; Elastomers; Energy; Energy storage; Filler effects; Hysteresis loops; Internal energy; IR thermography; Mechanical analysis; Mechanics; Mechanics of materials; Physics; Rubber; Stored energy; Thermography; Viscosity; Viscosity; Filler effects; Stored energy; Elastomer; IR thermography
• ISSN: 0014-3057; 1873-1945
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.035

[Display omitted] •A complete energy balance is carried out during cyclic deformation of NBR.•Viscosity is not the preponderant contribution to the hysteresis loop.•Filler network stores energy during deformation and releases it during unloading.•The energy is released with a different kinetics, this is why a hysteresis loop forms.•A new ratio is proposed for quantifying energy stored in rubbers. The hysteresis observed in the mechanical response of filled rubbers is classically assumed to be due to viscosity. In this study, a complete energy balance is carried out during cyclic deformation of a filled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Results show that for the studied material, viscosity is not the preponderant contribution to the hysteresis loop: the mechanical energy brought to the material is not entirely dissipated into heat but a contrario is mainly used by the material to change its microstructure. Moreover, no significant hysteresis loop is observed in the unfilled material. Hence, the filler network stores elastic energy during its deformation, leading to a change in the internal energy. The higher the stretch applied, the higher the relative stored energy, but the higher the stretch rate applied, the lower the relative stored energy in the filler network. This has been evidenced by defining a ratio γse in terms of energy. As hysteresis loop in rubbers does not systematically mean that intrinsic dissipation is produced, predicting changes in temperature, and consequently the self-heating, is not possible from the mechanical response only. To conclude, this study presents the first estimation of stored energy in a filled rubber.