Controlling chaos using edge computing hardware

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 3886
• Main Authors: Kent, Robert M., Barbosa, Wendson A. S., Gauthier, Daniel J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 08.05.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/166/987; 639/705/1041; 639/766/530/2803; Algorithms; Chaos theory; Controllers; Digital twins; Edge computing; Embedded systems; Energy costs; Field programmable gate arrays; Hardware; Humanities and Social Sciences; Initial conditions; Learning algorithms; Machine learning; multidisciplinary; Nonlinear control; Nonlinear systems; Power consumption; Power management; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48133-3

Machine learning provides a data-driven approach for creating a digital twin of a system – a digital model used to predict the system behavior. Having an accurate digital twin can drive many applications, such as controlling autonomous systems. Often, the size, weight, and power consumption of the digital twin or related controller must be minimized, ideally realized on embedded computing hardware that can operate without a cloud-computing connection. Here, we show that a nonlinear controller based on next-generation reservoir computing can tackle a difficult control problem: controlling a chaotic system to an arbitrary time-dependent state. The model is accurate, yet it is small enough to be evaluated on a field-programmable gate array typically found in embedded devices. Furthermore, the model only requires 25.0 ± 7.0 nJ per evaluation, well below other algorithms, even without systematic power optimization. Our work represents the first step in deploying efficient machine learning algorithms to the computing “edge.” Creating accurate digital twins and controlling nonlinear systems displaying chaotic dynamics is challenging due to high system sensitivity to initial conditions and perturbations. The authors introduce a nonlinear controller for chaotic systems, based on next-generation reservoir computing, with improved accuracy, energy cost, and suitable for implementation with field-programmable gate arrays.