The effect of Alnus incana (L.) Moench extracts in ameliorating iron overload-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 7635
• Main Authors: Abo-Elghiet, Fatma, Mohamed, Shaza A., Yasin, Noha A. E., Temraz, Abeer, El-Tantawy, Walid Hamdy, Ahmed, Samah Fathy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.05.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/154/570; 631/92/349; 692/699/1503/1607/2749; Alnus; Alnus incana; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Bilirubin; Body weight; Butanol; Butanols - metabolism; Caspase-3; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology; Chromatography; Deferoxamine; Dextran; Ferrous sulfate; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Hepatotoxicity; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inflammation; Ionization; Ions; Iron; Iron - metabolism; Iron Overload - metabolism; Liquid chromatography; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medical treatment; multidisciplinary; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Polyphenols; Rats; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Scientific imaging; Thalassemia
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34480-6

Iron overload causes multiorgan dysfunction and serious damage. Alnus incana from the family Betulaceae, widely distributed in North America, is used for treating diseases. In this study, we investigated the iron chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities of the total and butanol extract from Alnus incana in iron-overloaded rats and identified the bioactive components in both extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We induced iron overload in the rats via six intramuscular injections of 12.5 mg iron dextran/100 g body weight for 30 days. The rats were then administered 60 mg ferrous sulfate /kg body weight once daily using a gastric tube. The total and butanol extracts were given orally, and the reference drug (deferoxamine) was administered subcutaneously for another month. After two months, we evaluated the biochemical, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical parameters. Iron overload significantly increased the serum iron level, liver biomarker activities, hepatic iron content, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 levels. It also substantially ( P  < 0.05) reduced serum albumin, total protein, and total bilirubin content, and hepatic reduced glutathione levels. It caused severe histopathological alterations compared to the control rats, which were markedly ( P  < 0.05) ameliorated after treatment. The total extract exhibited significantly higher anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities but lower antioxidant and iron-chelating activities than the butanol extract. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, were detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis. Our findings suggest that both extracts might alleviate iron overload-induced hepatoxicity and other pathological conditions characterized by hepatic iron overload, including thalassemia and sickle-cell anemia.