Effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial cell function of three ad libitum diets differing in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate: a 6-month randomised study in obese individuals

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 106; no. 1; pp. 123 - 129
• Main Authors: Bladbjerg, Else-Marie, Larsen, Thomas M., Due, Anette, Stender, Steen, Astrup, Arne, Jespersen, Jørgen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 14.07.2011; CABI Pub
• Subjects: adhesion; administration & dosage; Adult; adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - metabolism; blood; blood coagulation factors; C-reactive protein; Carbohydrates; Cellular biology; Diet; diet therapy; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - adverse effects; endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Energy; fasting; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Humans; inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; interleukin-6; long term effects; low fat diet; Male; metabolism; Nutrition research; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - metabolism; overweight; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; weight loss; Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation; Long-term studies; Randomised studies; Diet interventions; MUFA; Human; Obesity; Endothelial cell; Cell function; Nutrition disorder; Marker; Long term; Feeding; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Diet; Fat; Carbohydrate; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510005829

Diet is important for the prevention of CVD, and diets high in MUFA might be more cardioprotective than low-fat diets. We hypothesise that inflammation and endothelial cell function will be improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel randomised intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28·2 (sd 4·6) years) assigned to a diet moderate in the amount of fat (35–45% of energy; >20% of fat as MUFA; MUFA diet, n 39), a low-fat (20–30% of energy) diet (LF diet, n 43) or a control diet (35 % of energy as fat, n 24) for 6 months after weight loss. Protein constituted 10–20 % of energy in all diets. Food was provided free of charge. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. vWF concentrations tended to fall on the LF diet (4·78 (sd 16·44) %; P = 0·07). Concentrations of IL-6 were reduced by the MUFA (0·37 (sd 0·74) pg/ml; P < 0·01) and LF (0·47 (sd 0·69) pg/ml; P < 0·001) diets, and CRP was reduced on all diets (MUFA: 0·48 (sd 1·93) mg/l (P < 0·01); LF: 1·46 (sd 2·89) mg/l (P < 0·001); control: 1·20 (sd 1·97) mg/l (P < 0·01)). No significant differences were observed between changes induced by the different diets. Our findings suggest that in overweight subjects after weight loss, the MUFA and LF diets have similar long-term effects on inflammation and endothelial cell function.