Sperm quality and cryopreservation of Brazilian freshwater fish species: a review

• Published in: Fish physiology and biochemistry Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 137 - 150
• Main Authors: Viveiros, A. T. M, Godinho, H. P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands 01.03.2009; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animal Physiology; Animals; Aquaculture; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Brazil; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Fish; Fisheries; Fishes - physiology; Fresh Water; Freshwater; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Genetic diversity; Histology; Life Sciences; Morphology; Semen Analysis - veterinary; Semen Preservation - veterinary; Sperm Banks; Zoology; Brazil; Motility; Cryoprotectant; Fertility; Semen; Extender; Sperm concentration; Sperm volume; Freezing
• ISSN: 0920-1742; 1573-5168
• DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9240-3

The Brazilian freshwater fish diversity is the richest in the world. Only 0.7% of all Brazilian species have had any aspect of their sperm biology addressed up to this date. The majority of the fish species described in this review migrate during the spawning season (a phenomenon known as piracema). Urbanization, pollution, hydroelectric dams and deforestation are some of the causes of stock depletion or even local extinction of some of these species. The knowledge concerning sperm quality and minimum sperm:egg ratio is important to maximize the use of males without reducing hatching rates. Furthermore, sperm cryopreservation and gene banking can guarantee the conservation of genetic diversity and development of adequate breeding programs of native fish species. In this review, we present and evaluate the existing information on Brazilian fish species that have been subject to sperm quality and cryopreservation studies. The following parameters were evaluated: volume of extractable sperm, sperm motility, sperm concentration, freezing media, freezing methods, and post-thaw sperm quality. Although the existing protocols yield relatively high post-thaw motility and fertilization rates, the use of cryopreserved sperm in routine hatchery production is still limited in Brazil.