A suggested approach for imputation of missing dietary data for young children in daycare

• Published in: Food & nutrition research Vol. 59; no. 1; p. 28626
• Main Authors: Stevens, June, Ou, Fang-Shu, Truesdale, Kimberly P., Zeng, Donglin, Vaughn, Amber E., Pratt, Charlotte, Ward, Dianne S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sweden Taylor & Francis 01.01.2015; Swedish Nutrition Foundation, SNF; Co-Action Publishing; Swedish Nutrition Foundation
• Subjects: children; Children & youth; daycare; Diet; Families & family life; Food; Methods; methods Responsible Editor: Per Ole Iversen, University of Oslo, Norway; missing data; nutrition; Nutrition research; Original; Parents & parenting; Preschool children; Public health; Research centers; Studies; daycare; nutrition; children; methods; missing data
• ISSN: 1654-6628; 1654-661X; 1654-661X
• DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.28626

Parent-reported 24-h diet recalls are an accepted method of estimating intake in young children. However, many children eat while at childcare making accurate proxy reports by parents difficult. The goal of this study was to demonstrate a method to impute missing weekday lunch and daytime snack nutrient data for daycare children and to explore the concurrent predictive and criterion validity of the method. Data were from children aged 2-5 years in the My Parenting SOS project (n=308; 870 24-h diet recalls). Mixed models were used to simultaneously predict breakfast, dinner, and evening snacks (B+D+ES); lunch; and daytime snacks for all children after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). From these models, we imputed the missing weekday daycare lunches by interpolation using the mean lunch to B+D+ES [L/(B+D+ES)] ratio among non-daycare children on weekdays and the L/(B+D+ES) ratio for all children on weekends. Daytime snack data were used to impute snacks. The reported mean (± standard deviation) weekday intake was lower for daycare children [725 (±324) kcal] compared to non-daycare children [1,048 (±463) kcal]. Weekend intake for all children was 1,173 (±427) kcal. After imputation, weekday caloric intake for daycare children was 1,230 (±409) kcal. Daily intakes that included imputed data were associated with age and sex but not with BMI. This work indicates that imputation is a promising method for improving the precision of daily nutrient data from young children.