An investigation into the enhancement of fingermarks in blood on paper with genipin and lawsone

• Published in: Science & justice Vol. 53; no. 3; pp. 315 - 320
• Main Authors: Thomas, Paula, Farrugia, Kevin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.09.2013; Forensic Science Society
• Subjects: Aza Compounds; Blood; Blood enhancement; Coloring Agents; Comparative analysis; Dermatoglyphics; DFO; Fingermarks; Genipin; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Iridoids; Latent fingerprints; Lawsone; Naphthoquinones; Natural products; Ninhydrin; Pathology; Porosity; Fingermarks; Blood enhancement; DFO; Ninhydrin; Lawsone; Genipin
• ISSN: 1355-0306; 1876-4452
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2013.04.006

Abstract The abilities of two natural products, genipin and lawsone, to enhance blood contaminated fingermarks on papers of various porosities and colour were investigated and compared to the routinely used amino acid reagents, ninhydrin and 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO). Fingermarks in blood were deposited as a split depletion series on various paper types and colours for ageing periods of 6 weeks, 4 weeks, 2 weeks and 1 week before enhancement. The developed marks were observed under different lighting conditions, recorded and graded by way of attributing quantitative data to each series. Results indicated that while genipin showed some potential as a reagent for the enhancement of latent fingermarks, it displayed no suitability for the enhancement of fingermarks in blood on paper. Lawsone also failed to successfully enhance either type of fingermark. Upon comparison of the results with those of ninhydrin and DFO it was found that ninhydrin displayed the highest success rate of development of these marks.