Violence-Related Disparities Experienced by Black Youth and Young Adults: Opportunities for Prevention

• Published in: American journal of preventive medicine Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 462 - 469
• Main Authors: Sheats, Kameron J., Irving, Shalon M., Mercy, Jim A., Simon, Thomas R., Crosby, Alex E., Ford, Derek C., Merrick, Melissa T., Annor, Francis B., Morgan, Rachel E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.10.2018; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Adverse Childhood Experiences; African Americans - statistics & numerical data; Assaults; Black people; Bullying; Bullying - statistics & numerical data; Cardiovascular diseases; Child; Childhood experiences; Children & youth; Coronary artery disease; Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data; Drinking behavior; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Health disparities; Health status; Health Status Disparities; Homicide; Homicide - ethnology; Homicide - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Inequality; Injuries; Male; Mental health; Prevention; Prevention programs; Psychological distress; Smoking; Social environment; Victimization; Violence; Violence - prevention & control; Violence - statistics & numerical data; Young Adult; Young adults; United States > US
• ISSN: 0749-3797; 1873-2607
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.017

The purpose of this study is to characterize violence-related disparities experienced by young blacks in the U.S. Reducing violence experienced by blacks, particularly youth, who are at substantially higher risk, is essential to improving the health of blacks in the U.S. Data from four independent data sets for youth and adults were analyzed to examine rates of homicide, assault, injury from a physical fight, bullying victimization, and missing school because of safety concerns for non-Hispanic blacks and whites aged 10–34 years between 2010 and 2015. Disparities in adverse childhood experiences (e.g., exposure to violence and household challenges) and physical/mental health outcomes in adulthood were examined. Data were analyzed in 2017. Black adolescents and young adults are at higher risk for the most physically harmful forms of violence (e.g., homicides, fights with injuries, aggravated assaults) compared with whites. In addition, black adults reported exposure to a higher number of adverse childhood experiences than whites. These adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with increased odds of self-reported coronary heart disease, fair or poor physical health, experiencing frequent mental distress, heavy drinking, and current smoking. Disproportionate exposure to violence for blacks may contribute to disparities in physical injury and long-term mental and physical health. Understanding the violence experiences of this age group and the social contexts surrounding these experiences can help improve health for blacks in the U.S. Communities can benefit from the existing evidence about policies and programs that effectively reduce violence and its health and social consequences.