Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System Caused by Glioneuronal Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review

• Published in: Neurology India Vol. 68; no. 4; pp. 894 - 896
• Main Authors: Teranishi, Takao, Ohba, Shigeo, Kawazoe, Yushi, Adachi, Kazuhide, Murayama, Kazuhiro, Yamada, Seiji, Abe, Masato, Hasegawa, Mitsuhiro, Hirose, Yuichi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.07.2020; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Brain cancer; Brain Neoplasms; Brain tumors; Case reports; Central Nervous System; Female; Hemosiderin; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Rare diseases; Siderosis - etiology; Stroke; superficial siderosis; magnetic resonance imaging; hemosiderin; Glioneuronal tumor; susceptibility-weighted image Key Messages: Superficial siderosis (SS) is a rare entity and brain tumors are commonly reported etiology for SS. The patients report irreversible hearing loss; cerebellar ataxia and Pyramidal symptoms. Ependymomas are among the commonest tumors causing SS. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is essential in detecting the iron deposits and diagnosis of SS. Early recognition and prompt treatment of the primary cause leads to a better outcome; susceptibility-weighted image
• ISSN: 0028-3886; 1998-4022
• DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.293458

Superficial siderosis is a rare disease resulting from the deposited hemosiderin owing to repeated subarachnoid hemorrhage. It has been reported that hemosiderin deposits on the brain surface and brain parenchyma causes nerve disorder, resulting in progressive and irreversible hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal disorder. The brain tumor is one of the cause of superficial siderosis. A 16-year-old female present a nearby hospital with complaints of absence seizure. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass at the right temporal lobe. Susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed diffuse and extensive superficial siderosis on the brain surface. The tumor was gross totally removed and diagnosed as glioneuronal tumor. The patient had been well, although susceptibility-weighted imaging performed one year after the surgery showed superficial siderosis remained. Early diagnosis and prevention of bleeding sources are recommended to prevent symptom progression associated with superficial siderosis. Susceptibility-weighted imaging is considered useful for early detection of superficial siderosis.