Whole influenza virus vaccine is more immunogenic than split influenza virus vaccine and induces primarily an IgG2a response in BALB/c mice

The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics and the magnitude of the humoral immune response to two different influenza vaccine formulations, whole and split virus vaccines. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with one or two doses (3 weeks apart) of 7.5, 15 or 30 µg of haemagglutinin o...

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Published inScandinavian journal of immunology Vol. 62; no. 1; pp. 36 - 44
Main Authors Hovden, A.‐O., Cox, R. J., Haaheim, L. R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK; Malden, USA Blackwell Science Ltd 01.07.2005
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibody-Producing Cells - immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza virus
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neutralization Tests
Orthomyxoviridae - immunology
Spleen - cytology
Spleen - immunology
Th1 Cells - immunology
Th2 Cells - immunology
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Summary:The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics and the magnitude of the humoral immune response to two different influenza vaccine formulations, whole and split virus vaccines. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with one or two doses (3 weeks apart) of 7.5, 15 or 30 µg of haemagglutinin of monovalent A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) split or whole virus vaccine. The two vaccine formulations induced similar kinetics of the antibody‐secreting cells response; however, differences in the magnitude were observed in the spleen and bone marrow. Vaccination with whole virus vaccine generally elicited a quicker and higher neutralizing antibody response, particularly after the first dose of vaccine. The two vaccine formulations gave different immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass profiles. Split virus vaccine stimulated both IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies suggestive of mixed T‐helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 response, whereas whole virus vaccine induced mainly an IgG2a antibody response, which is indicative of a dominant Th1 response. The increased immunogenicity of whole virus vaccine in a naïve population could reduce the vaccine concentration needed to provide protective immunity.
Bibliography:Both authors contributed equally to this work.
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ISSN:0300-9475
1365-3083
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01633.x