Understanding COVID-19 Vaccines Today: Are T-cells Key Players?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has heavily mutated since the beginning of the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, the so-called variants of concern (VOCs) feature mutations that confer increased transmissibility and evasion of antibody responses. The V...

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Published inVaccines (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 6; p. 904
Main Authors Shafqat, Areez, Arabi, Tarek Z, Sabbah, Belal N, Abdulkader, Humzah S, Shafqat, Shameel, Razak, Adhil, Kashir, Junaid, Alkattan, Khaled, Yaqinuddin, Ahmed
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 06.06.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Adaptive immunity
Antibodies
cell-mediated immunity
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Emergency response
Immune response
Immune system
Immunology
Infections
Literature reviews
Lymphocytes T
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Mutation
Pandemics
Proteins
Public policy
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
T-cells
Vaccines
variants of concern
Viral diseases
Viruses
COVID-19 vaccines
T-cells
SARS-CoV-2
variants of concern
cell-mediated immunity
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Summary:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has heavily mutated since the beginning of the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, the so-called variants of concern (VOCs) feature mutations that confer increased transmissibility and evasion of antibody responses. The VOCs have caused significant spikes in COVID-19 cases, raising significant concerns about whether COVID-19 vaccines will protect against current and future variants. In this context, whereas the protection COVID-19 vaccines offer against the acquisition of infection appears compromised, the protection against severe COVID-19 is maintained. From an immunologic standpoint, this is likely underpinned by the maintenance of T-cell responses against VOCs. Therefore, the role of T-cells is essential to understanding the broader adaptive immune response to COVID-19, which has the potential to shape public policies on vaccine protocols and inform future vaccine design. In this review, we survey the literature on the immunology of T-cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the current FDA-approved and Emergency Use Authorized COVID-19 vaccines.
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines10060904