Gastrointestinal Parasites and the Neural Control of Gut Functions

Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are actively modulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which includes efferent, and afferent neurons, as well as interneurons....

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Published inFrontiers in cellular neuroscience Vol. 9; p. 452
Main Authors Halliez, Marie C M, Buret, André G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 25.11.2015
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Absorption
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cytokines
Diarrhea
Digestive system
Digestive tract
Enteric Nervous System
Gastric motility
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal parasites
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis
Homeostasis
Hormones
Infections
Interneurons
Intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome
Motility
Nervous system
Neuropeptides
Neuroscience
Parasites
Parasitism
Pathogenesis
Peptides
Reptiles & amphibians
Secretion
Sensory neurons
Small intestine
Smooth muscle
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
secretion
absorption
intestinal functions
motility
enteric nervous system
neuroregulation
gastrointestinal parasites
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Summary:Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are actively modulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), which includes efferent, and afferent neurons, as well as interneurons. ENS integrity is essential to the maintenance of homeostatic gut responses. A number of gastrointestinal parasites are known to cause disease by altering the ENS. The mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia), Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma species and others alter gastrointestinal motility, absorption, or secretion at least in part via effects on the ENS. Recent findings also implicate enteric parasites such as C. parvum and G. duodenalis in the development of post-infectious complications such as irritable bowel syndrome, which further underscores their effects on the gut-brain axis. This article critically reviews recent advances and the current state of knowledge on the impact of enteric parasitism on the neural control of gut functions, and provides insights into mechanisms underlying these abnormalities.
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Reviewed by: Michael G. Blennerhassett, Queen’s University, Canada; Alan Lomax, Queen’s University, Canada
Edited by: Brian David Gulbransen, Michigan State University, USA
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2015.00452