Central Nervous System Remyelination: Roles of Glia and Innate Immune Cells

In diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation can injure the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, a process known as demyelination. The spontaneous regeneration of myelin, called remyelination, is associated with restoration of function and prevention of axonal degeneration. Boosting remy...

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Published inFrontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 12; p. 225
Main Authors Baaklini, Charbel S, Rawji, Khalil S, Duncan, Greg J, Ho, Madelene F S, Plemel, Jason R
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 19.09.2019
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Astrocytes
Axons
Brain research
Central nervous system
Clinical trials
Demyelination
DNA methylation
Glial stem cells
Immune response
Microglia
Multiple sclerosis
Myelin
Myelination
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neuroscience
oligodendrocyte
oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Progenitor cells
Regeneration
remyelination
Stem cells
white matter disease
oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
white matter disease
oligodendrocyte
aging
astrocytes
microglia
remyelination
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Summary:In diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation can injure the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, a process known as demyelination. The spontaneous regeneration of myelin, called remyelination, is associated with restoration of function and prevention of axonal degeneration. Boosting remyelination with therapeutic intervention is a promising new approach that is currently being tested in several clinical trials. The endogenous regulation of remyelination is highly dependent on the immune response. In this review article, we highlight the cell biology of remyelination and its regulation by innate immune cells. For the purpose of this review, we discuss the roles of microglia, and also astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) as they are being increasingly recognized to have immune cell functions.
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Reviewed by: Andrew David Greenhalgh, INRA UMR1286 Laboratoire NutriNeuro, France; Samaneh Maysami, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Edited by: Craig Stephen Moore, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
ISSN:1662-5099
1662-5099
DOI:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00225