IL-33 in Mental Disorders

Mental disorders are common in the general population; every year about 25% of the total European population is affected by a mental condition. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders might be underestimated. Emerging evidence highlights the role of immune response as a key factor in MDs. Immunologi...

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Published inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Vol. 57; no. 4; p. 315
Main Authors Pandolfo, Gianluca, Genovese, Giovanni, Casciaro, Marco, Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna, Bruno, Antonio, Pioggia, Giovanni, Gangemi, Sebastiano
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 26.03.2021
MDPI
Subjects
alarmin
Anxiety
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Biomarkers
Bipolar disorder
Comorbidity
Cytokines
Humans
IL-33
inflammation
Interleukin-33
Mental disorders
psychiatric
Review
Schizophrenia
Womens health
psychiatric
ASD
alarmin
inflammation
bipolar
depression
interleukin-33
IL-33
autism
mental disorders
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Summary:Mental disorders are common in the general population; every year about 25% of the total European population is affected by a mental condition. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders might be underestimated. Emerging evidence highlights the role of immune response as a key factor in MDs. Immunological biomarkers seem to be related to illness progression and to treatment effectiveness; several studies suggest strong associations among IL-6, TNFa, S100b, IL 1b, and PCR with affective or schizophrenic disorders. The purpose of this review is to examine and to understand the possible link between mental disorders and interleukin 33 to clarify the role of this axis in the immune system. We found 13 research papers that evaluated interleukin 33 or interleukin 31 levels in subjects affected by mental disorders. Eight studies investigated cytokines in affective disorders. Three studies measured levels of IL-33 in schizophrenia and two studies focused on patients affected by autism spectrum disorders. Alterations in brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome are affected by multiple levels of organization. Disorders of the autoimmune response, and of the IL-33/31 axis, may therefore be one of the factors involved in this process. These results support the evidence that alarmins, particularly the IL-33/31 axis, need more consideration among researchers and practitioners.
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The authors equally contributed to the manuscript.
ISSN:1648-9144
1010-660X
1648-9144
DOI:10.3390/medicina57040315