Selective Expression of Nicotinic Receptor Sub-unit mRNA in Early Human Fetal Forebrain

• Published in: Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 13; p. 72
• Main Authors: Alzu'bi, Ayman, Middleham, William, Shoaib, Mohammed, Clowry, Gavin J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 21.05.2020; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Basal forebrain; Cerebral cortex; development; Experiments; Fetuses; Forebrain; ganglionic eminences; Gene expression; glutamatergic neurons; Glutamatergic transmission; Hybridization; Hypoxia; inhibitory interneurons; Ligands; Neuroscience; Nicotine; Paracrine signalling; Pregnancy; Progenitor cells; Smoking; Stem cells; Tobacco; γ-Aminobutyric acid; United Kingdom > UK; cerebral cortex; ganglionic eminences; development; nicotine; nicotinic receptors; inhibitory interneurons; glutamatergic neurons
• ISSN: 1662-5099; 1662-5099
• DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00072

Increasing evidence from animal and human studies indicate that exposure to nicotine during development, separated from the effects of smoking tobacco, can contribute to dysregulation of brain development including behavioral deficits. An RNAseq study of human fetal cerebral cortex demonstrated that 9 out of 16 genes for human nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subunits are selectively expressed between 7.5 and 12 post-conceptional weeks (PCW). The most highly expressed subunit genes were and , whose protein products combine to form the most ubiquitous functional receptor isoform expressed in the adult brain. They exhibited correlated expression in both RNAseq samples, and in tissue sections by hybridization. Co-localization studies with other cortical markers suggest they are pre-dominantly expressed by post-mitotic glutamatergic neuron pre-cursors in both cortical plate and pre-subplate, rather than cortical progenitor cells or GABAergic interneuron pre-cursors. However, GABAergic interneuron progenitor cells in the ganglionic eminences do express these sub-units. also showed moderate levels of expression and again favored post-mitotic neurons. Other subunits, e.g., , exhibited low but detectable levels of expression. genes found not to be expressed included genes for subunits usually considered muscle specific, e.g., , although some muscle specific gene expression was detected, for instance . Although there is little or no synthesis of acetylcholine by intrinsic cortical neurons, cholinergic fibers from basal forebrain innervate the cerebral cortex from 12 PCW at the latest. Acetylcholine may have a paracrine effect on radially migrating cortical neurons and GABAergic interneuron progenitors.