Wood-Derived Dietary Fibers Promote Beneficial Human Gut Microbiota

• Published in: mSphere Vol. 4; no. 1
• Main Authors: La Rosa, Sabina Leanti, Kachrimanidou, Vasiliki, Buffetto, Fanny, Pope, Phillip B, Pudlo, Nicholas A, Martens, Eric C, Rastall, Robert A, Gibson, Glenn R, Westereng, Bjørge
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 23.01.2019
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Applied and Environmental Science; Bacteria; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - growth & development; Bacteria - metabolism; Bacteroides; Batch culture; Bifidobacterium; Biomass; carbohydrate-active enzymes; Cell culture; Cereals; Dietary Fiber; dietary fibers; Dietary supplements; Digestive system; Ecosystem assessment; Ecosystems; Epithelial cells; Feces; Fermentation; Fibers; Flow cytometry; Food; Fructooligosaccharides; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Gastrointestinal tract; gut microbiota; Hemicellulose; Humans; Hybridization; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; in vitro fecal fermentation; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Legumes; Mannans - isolation & purification; Mannans - metabolism; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiota; Microbiota - drug effects; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Propionic acid; Pure culture; Wood - chemistry; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; hemicellulose; prebiotics; carbohydrate-active enzymes; in vitro fecal fermentation; short-chain fatty acids; dietary fibers; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 2379-5042; 2379-5042
• DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00554-18

Woody biomass is a sustainable and virtually unlimited source of hemicellulosic polysaccharides. The predominant hemicelluloses in softwood and hardwood are galactoglucomannan (GGM) and arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX), respectively. Based on the structure similarity with common dietary fibers, GGM and AGX may be postulated to have prebiotic properties, conferring a health benefit on the host through specific modulation of the gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the prebiotic potential of acetylated GGM (AcGGM) and highly acetylated AGX (AcAGX) obtained from Norwegian lignocellulosic feedstocks In pure culture, both substrates selectively promoted the growth of , , and species in a manner consistent with the presence of genetic loci for the utilization of β-manno-oligosaccharides/β-mannans and xylo-oligosaccharides/xylans. The prebiotic potential of AcGGM and AcAGX was further assessed in a pH-controlled batch culture fermentation system inoculated with healthy adult human feces. Results were compared with those obtained with a commercial fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) mixture. Similarly to FOS, both substrates significantly increased ( 0.05) the population. Other bacterial groups enumerated were unaffected with the exception of an increase in the growth of members of the - group, , and clostridial cluster IX ( 0.05). Compared to the other substrates, AcGGM promoted butyrogenic fermentation whereas AcAGX was more propiogenic. Although further confirmation is necessary, these results demonstrate that both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks can be used to direct the promotion of beneficial bacteria, thus exhibiting a promising prebiotic ability to improve or restore gut health. The architecture of the gut bacterial ecosystem has a profound effect on the physiology and well-being of the host. Modulation of the gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment via administration of prebiotics represents a valuable strategy to promote host health. This work provides insights into the ability of two novel wood-derived preparations, AcGGM and AcAGX, to influence human gut microbiota composition and activity. These compounds were selectively fermented by commensal bacteria such as , - , , and clostridial cluster IX spp. This promoted the microbial synthesis of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial to the microbial ecosystem and host colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our results demonstrate potential prebiotic properties for both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These findings represent pivotal requirements for rationally designing intervention strategies based on the dietary supplementation of AcGGM and AcAGX to improve or restore gut health.