Mutation of the Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Protein CML37 Deregulates the Jasmonate Pathway and Enhances Susceptibility to Herbivory

• Published in: Molecular plant Vol. 7; no. 12; pp. 1712 - 1726
• Main Authors: Scholz, Sandra S., Vadassery, Jyothilakshmi, Heyer, Monika, Reichelt, Michael, Bender, Kyle W., Snedden, Wayne A., Boland, Wilhelm, Mithöfer, Axel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01.12.2014
• Subjects: Animals; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - physiology; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics; biotic stress; calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calmodulin - genetics; calmodulin-like proteins; Cyclopentanes - chemistry; cytosolic calcium; enzyme activity; flavonoids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; genes; glucosinolates; Herbivory; jasmonates; jasmonic acid; larvae; messenger RNA; Mutation; oral secretion; Oxylipins - chemistry; phytophagous insects; proteins; secondary metabolites; Spodoptera; Spodoptera littoralis; stress response; 拟南芥; 敏感性; 植食性昆虫; 次级代谢产物; 突变; 茉莉酸类; 钙调素; 钙调蛋白; herbivory; jasmonates; calmodulin-like proteins; oral secretion; cytosolic calcium
• ISSN: 1674-2052; 1752-9867; 1752-9867
• DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu102

Throughout their life, plants are challenged by various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Among those are attacks from herbivorous insects. The molecular mechanisms underlying the detection of herbivores and the subsequent signal transduction are not well understood. As a second messenger, fluxes in intracellular Ca2＋ levels play a key role in mediating stress response pathways. Ca2＋ signals are decoded by Ca2＋ sensor proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins （CMLs）. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant CML37 behaves like a Ca2＋ sensor in vitro and, in Arabidopsis, AtCML37 is induced by mechanical wounding as well as by infestation with larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. Loss of function of CML37 led to a better feeding performance of larvae suggesting that CML37 is a positive defense regulator. No herbivory-induced changes in secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates or flavonoids were detected in cml37 plants, although a significant reduction in the accumulation of jasmonates was observed, due to reduced expression of JAR1 mRNA and cellular enzyme activity. Consequently, the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes was reduced as well. Summarizing, our results suggest that the Ca2＋ sensor protein, CML37, functions as a positive regulator in Ca2＋ signaling during herbivory, connecting Ca2＋ and jasmonate signaling.