Drinking Flavored or Plain Milk Is Positively Associated with Nutrient Intake and Is Not Associated with Adverse Effects on Weight Status in US Children and Adolescents

• Published in: Journal of the American Dietetic Association Vol. 108; no. 4; pp. 631 - 639
• Main Authors: Murphy, Mary M., MS, RD, Douglass, Judith S., MS, RD, Johnson, Rachel K., PhD, MPH, RD, Spence, Lisa A., PhD, RD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.04.2008; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adolescent; adolescent nutrition; adolescents; adverse effects; Animals; Beverages; Biological and medical sciences; Body Mass Index; body weight; Body Weight - drug effects; Body Weight - physiology; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage; Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage; Child; child nutrition; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; children; Children & youth; cholesterol; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary minerals; dietary surveys; energy intake; Energy Intake - physiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; flavored milk; Flavoring Agents - administration & dosage; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Humans; Internal Medicine; Magnesium - administration & dosage; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Milk; Milk - adverse effects; Milk - metabolism; Milk - physiology; nutrient intake; Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; nutritional status; Obesity - etiology; Obesity - prevention & control; Phosphorus, Dietary - administration & dosage; Potassium, Dietary - administration & dosage; sugars; United States; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; vitamin A; Weight; United States; Human; Association; Nutrition; Food intake; Adolescent; Secondary effect; Metabolic diseases; Drinking; Child; Flavor; Weight; Milk
• ISSN: 0002-8223; 2212-2672; 1878-3570; 2212-2680
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.004

Abstract Objective Little research has been conducted on health effects associated with consumption of flavored milk. The purposes of this study were to compare nutrient intakes and body measures among children and adolescents drinking flavored milk (with or without plain milk), exclusively plain milk, and no milk. Design Data used in the study included intakes reported in 24-hour dietary recalls and height and weight measurements collected during a physical examination in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The milk drinking status of each person was identified, and nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) measures were determined by milk drinking status. Subjects The study population included 7,557 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. Statistical analysis Comparisons among mean milk intakes, energy and nutrient intakes, and BMI measures by milk drinking status were completed using linear regression analysis. Results Children and adolescents who included flavored milk in their diets reported higher total milk intakes than consumers of exclusively plain milk ( P <0.05). Intakes of vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and saturated fat (adjusted for energy intake and age) were generally comparable among milk drinking groups, whereas intakes by milk nondrinkers were significantly lower ( P <0.05). Among females aged 12 to 18 years, calcium intakes by flavored and exclusively plain milk drinkers were 992±41.5 and 1,038±22.5 mg/day, respectively, whereas intake by nondrinkers was 576±11.7 mg/day. Intake of added sugars did not differ between flavored milk drinkers and milk nondrinkers. BMI measures of milk drinkers were comparable to or lower than measures of nondrinkers ( P <0.05). Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that consumption of either flavored or plain milk is associated with a positive influence on nutrient intakes by children and adolescents and is not associated with adverse effects on BMI measures.