Leaf functional diversity and environmental filtering in a tropical dry forest: Comparison between two geological substrates

• Published in: Ecology and evolution Vol. 13; no. 9; pp. e10491 - n/a
• Main Authors: Sandoval‐Granillo, Valentina, Meave, Jorge A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bognor Regis John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Biodiversity Ecology; Botany; Chemical properties; Community Ecology; Dry forests; Dry matter; Filtration; Forest communities; Forests; Fruits; Functional Ecology; Geology; Habitats; Hypotheses; intraspecific functional variation; Leaf area; leaf dry matter content; leaf functional traits; leaf thickness; Leaves; Life History Ecology; Limestone; Physicochemical properties; Plant communities; Plant populations; Plant species; Plants; Principal components analysis; Seasons; Soil chemistry; Soil Ecology; Soil properties; specific leaf area; Substrates; Tropical forests; Mexico
• ISSN: 2045-7758; 2045-7758
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10491

The role of geological substrate in shaping plant community functional diversity remains poorly understood. Considering the involvement of leaves in the energy, water, and nutrient economics of plants, we hypothesized that leaves experience geology‐related filtering, which in turn shapes their functional attributes and community leaf functional diversity on different substrates. We studied tropical dry forest communities on limestone and siliciclastic phyllite‐derived soils, comparing their functional diversity and soil physico‐chemical properties. We predicted the most benign habitat (less severe filter) to be associated with higher leaf functional diversity and an acquisitive strategy prevalence, while the more stressful habitat should show conservative leaf traits and lower leaf functional diversity. We measured six traits in 31 common tree species (representing ~80% of community crown cover): leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, petiole length, and leaf blade narrowness. Leaf functional diversity was assessed through the functional trait dispersion metric. Intraspecific functional variation was examined in 25 species shared between substrates. The limestone substrate was more fertile (higher phosphorous) with higher water retention, while phyllite had higher nitrogen and lower humidity. Principal component analysis segregated plots by substrate, with limestone plots being more clustered. Community leaf functional diversity was higher in the limestone forest. Most species examined showed inter‐substrate trait differences in at least one leaf functional trait. The two substrates constituted distinct growth environments, with the more benign substrate associated with higher community leaf functional diversity. The intraspecific analysis revealed the prevalence of acquisitive traits in the more benign and more conservative traits in the more stressful habitat. This study advances our understanding of the role of geological substrate as an environmental filter in tropical dry forests, influencing leaf functional responses and emphasizing the importance of intraspecific functional variation. This study sheds light on how lithological substrates can shape community leaf functional diversity by creating environmental filters of varying intensities. It highlights the importance of studying intraspecific functional variation and provides an understanding of the complex link between soil and leaf functional traits.