Morphology and Phylogeny of Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): A New Toxic Dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Exhibiting Two Distinct Morphologies

A new planktonic species of Prorocentrum is described from the Gulf of Mexico. First observed with the Imaging FlowCytobot, Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov. was characterized using LM, SEM, and TEM along with sequencing of the SSU, LSU, and ITS ribosomal regions and the mitochondrial cob and cox1 regio...

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Published inJournal of phycology Vol. 49; no. 1; pp. 143 - 155
Main Authors Henrichs, Darren W., Scott, Paula S., Steidinger, Karen A., Errera, Reagan M., Abraham, Ann, Campbell, Lisa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2013
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
dinoflagellate
Dinophyceae
Gulf of Mexico
internal transcribed spacer
large subunit
Microorganisms
Prorocentrum
Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov
small subunit
ASW, Mexico Gulf
Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov
large subunit
Gulf of Mexico
dinoflagellate
small subunit
internal transcribed spacer
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Summary:A new planktonic species of Prorocentrum is described from the Gulf of Mexico. First observed with the Imaging FlowCytobot, Prorocentrum texanum sp. nov. was characterized using LM, SEM, and TEM along with sequencing of the SSU, LSU, and ITS ribosomal regions and the mitochondrial cob and cox1 regions. P. texanum sp. nov. is a round to oval bivalvate dinoflagellate, with a prominent anterior, serrated solid flange on periflagellar a platelet and an opposing short, flat flange on the h platelet. The periflagellar area consists of 10 platelets. Both left and right valves have shallow round depressions and two‐sized valve pores. The anterior ejectosome pore pattern differs between the left and right valve in relation to the periflagellar area and margins. Ten to eleven rows of tangential ejectosome pores are present on each valve. P. texanum sp. nov. has two varieties which exhibit distinct morphotypes, one round to oval (var. texanum) and the other pointed (var. cuspidatum). P. texanum var. cuspidatum is morphologically similar to P. micans in surface markings, but is smaller, and has a serrated periflagellar flange, and is genetically distinct from P. micans. Cytologically, P. texanum has two parietal chlo‐roplasts, each with a compound, interlamellar pyrenoid, trichocysts, fibrous vesicles that resemble mucocysts, pusules, V‐ to U‐shaped posterior nucleus, golgi, and tubular mitochondria. No genetic difference was found between the two varieties in the five genes examined. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU, LSU, and ITS ribosomal regions place P. texanum sp. nov. as a sister group to P. micans. One isolate of P. texanum var. texanum produces okadaic acid.
Bibliography:Figure S1. Maximum likelihood tree of the SSU rDNA. Noctiluca scintillans was used as an outgroup. The best model chosen by MrModelTest2.3 was GTR+I+G (general time reversible with a proportion of invariant sites and gamma distribution). Support values shown are maximum parsimony/maximum likelihood/Bayesian inference. Only values greater than 70% (MP, ML) and 0.80 (BI) are shown.Figure S2. Maximum likelihood tree of the concatenated SSU+LSU data set. Alexandrium catenella was used as an outgroup. The best model chosen by MrModelTest2.3 was GTR+I+G. Support values shown are maximum parsimony/maximum likelihood/Bayesian inference. Only values greater than 70% (MP, ML) and 0.80 (BI) are shown.Table S1. Accession numbers used in phylogenetic analyses.Table S2. The number of SNP differences observed in the combined ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 region.
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ArticleID:JPY12030
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content type line 23
ISSN:0022-3646
1529-8817
DOI:10.1111/jpy.12030