Optimal passage size for solar collector microchannel and tube-on-plate absorbers

• Published in: Solar energy Vol. 153; pp. 718 - 731
• Main Authors: Moss, R.W., Shire, G.S.F., Henshall, P., Eames, P.C., Arya, F., Hyde, T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2017; Pergamon Press Inc
• Subjects: Absorbers; Double pass; Energy costs; Energy sources; Flat panel; Heat exchange; Heat transfer; Laminar; Microchannel; Operating costs; Optimisation; Optimization; Power efficiency; Pressure; Pressure drop; Pumping; Pumping power; Serpentine; Single pass; Solar absorber; Solar collector; Solar collectors; Solar energy; Solar heating; Studies; Thermal; Thermal resistance; Turbulent; Turbulent; Solar collector; Double pass; Optimisation; Serpentine; Pumping power; Solar absorber; Microchannel; Pressure drop; Flat panel; Single pass; Heat transfer; Thermal; Laminar
• ISSN: 0038-092X; 1471-1257
• DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.030

•There is an optimum hydraulic diameter for a given diameter to pitch ratio and coolant pumping power.•The diameter to pitch ratio should be as large as is practicable.•Multiple collectors should be connected in parallel to minimise the pressure drop.•Optimum pumping power is a function of relative energy costs and system pressure drop. Solar thermal collectors for buildings use a heat transfer fluid passing through heat exchange channels in the absorber. Flat plate absorbers may pass the fluid through a tube bonded to a thermally conducting plate or achieve lower thermal resistance and pressure drop by using a flooded panel or microchannel design. The pressure drop should be low to minimise power input to the circulating pump. A method is presented for choosing the optimum channel hydraulic diameter subject to geometric similarity and pumping power constraints; this is an important preliminary design choice for any solar collector designer. The choice of pumping power is also illustrated in terms of relative energy source costs. Both microchannel and serpentine tube systems have an optimum passage diameter, albeit for different reasons. Double-pass and flooded panel designs are considered as special microchannel cases. To maintain efficiency, the pumping power per unit area must rise as the passage length increases. Beyond the optimum pumping power the rise in operating cost outweighs the increase in collector efficiency.