Maghemite, silver, ceragenin conjugate particles for selective binding and contrast of bacteria

• Published in: Journal of colloid and interface science Vol. 413; no. 413; pp. 167 - 174
• Main Authors: Hoppens, Mark A., Wheeler, Zaanan E.W., Qureshi, Ammar T., Hogan, Katie, Wright, Ashleigh, Stanley, George G., Young, David, Savage, Paul, Hayes, Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.01.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Antimicrobial; Bacteria; Bacteria - chemistry; Ceragenin; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colloidal state and disperse state; Escherichia coli; Exact sciences and technology; Ferric Compounds - chemistry; General and physical chemistry; Maghemite; Microorganisms; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; MRI contrast; Nanocomposites; Nanomaterials; Nanostructure; Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena; Self assembly; Silver; Silver - chemistry; Silver nanoparticle; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Staphylococcus aureus; Steroids - chemistry; Synthesis; Theranostic; X-Ray Diffraction; ESI-TOF-MS; Antimicrobial; NP; Ceragenin; MRI; DTT; DLS; ACN; MNP; Silver nanoparticle; CSA; PAA; Theranostic; HPC; MRI contrast; TEM; ICP-OES; HPLC; Maghemite; Binding; Particle; Silver; Nanoparticle; Transition metal; Antimicrobial agent; magnetic resonance imaging; polyacrylic acid; electrospray ionization -time of flight-mass spectrometer; high precision liquid chromatography; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; magnetic nanoparticle; acetonitrile; transmission electron microscopy; DL-Dithiothreitol; dynamic light scattering; nanoparticle; hyroxypropyl cellulose; cationic steroidal antimicrobial, aka ceragenins
• ISSN: 0021-9797; 1095-7103
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.016

•Methodology for maghemite, silver, ceragenin conjugate nanoparticle synthesis.•Characterization through TEM, FT-IR, DLS, zeta potential, UV–Vis, and more.•Nanoparticles selectively bind bacteria and contrast in vitro via MRI.•Conjugate nanoparticle demonstrated to inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. New synthesis techniques are providing increasing control over many inorganic nanoparticle characteristics, facilitating the creation of new multifunctional theranostics. This report proposes the synthesis and testing of a combination nanoparticle comprised of a maghemite core for enhanced T2 MRI contrast diagnostics, a colloidal silver shell acting as an antimicrobial and therapeutic vehicle, and a ceragenin (CSA-124) surfactant providing microbial adhesion. A polyacrylic acid functionalized maghemite nanoparticle is synthesized by a high temperature organic phase reduction followed by thiol functionalization and gold cluster seeding. A silver shell is formed through AgNO3 reduction, and an oriented monolayer of the thiolated ceragenin, is bound through a self-assembly process. The process and products are characterized throughout synthesis through TEM, DLS, FT-IR, UV–Vis, ICP-OES, HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS, DC magnetization and susceptibility, X-ray diffraction, and in vitro MRI. Synthesized Diagnostic Antimicrobial Nanoparticles (DANs) were found to have a spherical morphology with a diameter of 32.47±1.83nm, hydrodynamic diameter of 53.05±1.20nm, maximum magnetic moment of 12emu/g NP (54emu/g Fe) with little variation due to temperature, and are predominantly paramagnetic. In vitro MRI studies show that DANs contrast well at concentrations as low as 9ppm, and successfully adhere to Staphylococcus aureus. DAN MIC was determined to be approximately 12ppm and 24ppm against S. aureus and Escherichia coli respectively.