Using ChatGPT for human–computer interaction research: a primer

• Published in: Royal Society open science Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 231053
• Main Authors: Tabone, Wilbert, de Winter, Joost
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England The Royal Society 13.09.2023
• Subjects: application programming interface (API); Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence; human-subject research; prompt engineering; reproducibility; prompt engineering; human-subject research; application programming interface (API); reproducibility
• ISSN: 2054-5703; 2054-5703
• DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231053

ChatGPT could serve as a tool for text analysis within the field of Human–Computer Interaction, though its validity requires investigation. This study applied ChatGPT to: (1) textbox questionnaire responses on nine augmented-reality interfaces, (2) interview data from participants who experienced these interfaces in a virtual simulator, and (3) transcribed think-aloud data of participants who viewed a real painting and its replica. Using a hierarchical approach, ChatGPT produced scores or summaries of text batches, which were then aggregated. Results showed that (1) ChatGPT generated sentiment scores of the interfaces that correlated extremely strongly ( r > 0.99) with human rating scale outcomes and with a rule-based sentiment analysis method (criterion validity). Additionally, (2) by inputting automatically transcribed interviews to ChatGPT, it provided meaningful meta-summaries of the qualities of the interfaces (face validity). One meta-summary analysed in depth was found to have substantial but imperfect overlap with a content analysis conducted by an independent researcher (criterion validity). Finally, (3) ChatGPT's summary of the think-aloud data highlighted subtle differences between the real painting and the replica (face validity), a distinction corresponding with a keyword analysis (criterion validity). In conclusion, our research indicates that, with appropriate precautions, ChatGPT can be used as a valid tool for analysing text data.