A novel type of electrochemical sensor based on ferromagnetic carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles for direct determination of hemoglobin in blood samples

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 64; pp. 554 - 559
• Main Authors: Matysiak, Edyta, Donten, Mikolaj, Kowalczyk, Agata, Bystrzejewski, Michal, Grudzinski, Ireneusz P., Nowicka, Anna M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15.02.2015
• Subjects: Animals; Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis - instrumentation; Carbon - chemistry; Conductometry - instrumentation; Core–shell type ferromagnetic nanoparticles; Direct determination; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Ferromagnetism; Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins - analysis; Human blood; Humans; Iron; Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry; Magnetite Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Microbalances; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology - instrumentation; Particle Size; Rat blood; Rats; Sensors; Transducers; Hemoglobin; Electrochemistry; Core–shell type ferromagnetic nanoparticles; Rat blood; Direct determination; Human blood
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.079

An effective, fast, facile and direct electrochemical method of determination of hemoglobin (Hb) in blood sample without any sample preparation is described. The method is accomplished by using the ferromagnetic electrode modifier (carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles) and an external magnetic field. The successful voltammetric determination of hemoglobin is achieved in PBS buffer as well as in the whole blood sample. The obtained results show the excellent electroactivity of Hb. The measurements are of high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The detection limit is estimated to be 0.7pM. The electrochemical determination data were compared with the gravimetric data obtained with a quartz crystal microbalance. The agreement between these results is very good. The changes of the electrode surface morphology before and after Hb detection are monitored by electron microscopy. The functionality of the electrochemical sensor is tested with human and rat blood samples. The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood samples determined by using voltammetric/gravimetric detection is in perfect agreement with the data obtained from typical clinical analysis. •Direct electrochemical method of determination of hemoglobin in blood sample without any sample preparation.•The concept is based on modification of electrode by ferromagnetic Fe@C Nps.•The electroactivity of paramagnetic methemoglobin was monitored as analytical signal.•A low detection limit of 0.7pM of Hb in the solution could be achieved.