Characterisation of Matrix Vesicles in Skeletal and Soft Tissue Mineralisation

• Published in: Bone (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 87; pp. 147 - 158
• Main Authors: Cui, L, Houston, D.A, Farquharson, C, MacRae, V.E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.06.2016
• Subjects: Animals; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Calcification, Physiologic; Extracellular Matrix - metabolism; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; Humans; Matrix vesicles; Mechanisms; Mineralisation; Models, Biological; Orthopedics; Osteogenesis; Phosphate; Vascular calcification; GPI; RANKL; PS; JNK; NPP1; OPG; Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Small interfering RNA; Hydroxyapatite; Matrix gla protein; OPN; ADP; TNAP; Voltage-dependent anion channel 1; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase; matrix vesicles; mechanisms; Gla-rich protein; Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid; TGM2; AB; c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Adenosine diphosphate; Osteopontin; MEPE; MV; RGD; PSS; Pyrophosphate; Phosphatidylserine synthase; Vascular smooth muscle cell; VDAC1; VSMC; Annexin; GRP; vascular calcification; Valve interstitial cell; Anx; Phosphotidylcholine; LPS; Osteoprotegerin; Nsmase2; Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein; Extracellular matrix; miRNA; Acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif; Neutral sphingomyelinase 2; Pituitary-specific transcription factor; Apoptotic body; CKD; Phosphatidylserine; Adenosine triphosphate; SIBLING; Runx2; Phosphatidylethanolamine; BMP; CK; phosphate; Lysophosphatidylserine; Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; Chronic kidney disease; siRNA; Runt-related transcription factor 2; PP i; Transglutaminase 2; ECM; ASARM; Matrix vesicle; VIC; Bone morphogenetic protein; MicroRNA; PC; PE; MGP; mineralisation; HA; Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase; Choline kinase; Glycosylphosphatidylinositol; ATP; P iT; Phosphate; PiT; Mineralisation; nSMase2; Mechanisms; Matrix vesicles; PPi; Vascular calcification
• ISSN: 8756-3282; 1873-2763
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.007

Abstract The importance of matrix vesicles (MVs) have been repeatedly highlighted in the formation of cartilage, bone, and dentin since their discovery in 1967. These nano-vesicular structures, which are found in the extracellular matrix, are believed to be one of the sites of mineral nucleation that occurs in the organic matrix of the skeletal tissues. In the more recent years, there have been numerous reports on the observation of MV-like particles in calcified vascular tissues that could be playing a similar role. Therefore, here, we review the characteristics MVs possess that enable them to participate in mineral deposition. Additionally, we outline the content of skeletal tissue- and soft tissue-derived MVs, and discuss their key mineralisation mediators that could be targeted for future therapeutic use.